Changes in carbohydrate metabolism of testicular germ cells during meiosis in the rat

Bajpai, Malini; Gupta, Gopal; Setty, B.S.

doi:10.1530/eje.0.1380322

Cited by 105 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Supportive of this notion is the demonstration that these other nondying cell types, such as Sertoli cells and spermatogonia, are known to use glycolysis for their energy production (whereas the dying cell types prefer OXPHOS; see Refs. 3,28,45,53,64). Of note, when using OXPHOS inhibitors, we cannot exclude the possibility that the ATP decrease would occur in different cells than the death process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spermatogonia, mature spermatozoa, and the somatic Sertoli cells exhibit high glycolytic activity, whereas spermatocytes and spermatids produce ATP mainly by mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS; see Refs. 3,28,31,37,45,53,64). Interestingly, the cell types that use OXPHOS for energy production (i.e., spermatids and spermatocytes) are sensitive to death-inducing signals such as hormonal deprivation, Fas activation, and elevated temperature (19,24,34,47,48,51,60,60).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Regulation of human male germ cell death by modulators of ATP production

Erkkilä¹,

Kyttänen²,

Wikström³

et al. 2006

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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The understanding of testicular physiology, pathology, and male fertility issues requires knowledge of male germ cell death and energy production. Here, we induced human male germ cell apoptosis (detected by Southern blot analysis of DNA fragmentation, TUNEL, activation of caspases-3 and -9, and electron microscopy) by incubating seminiferous tubule segments under hormone-and serum-free conditions. Inhibitors of complexes I to IV of mitochondrial respiration, exposure to anoxia, and inhibition of F0F1-ATPase (with oligomycin) decreased the ATP levels (analyzed by HPLC) and suppressed apoptosis at 4 h. Uncoupler 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) and oligomycin combination also suppressed death at 4 h, as did the DNP alone. Inhibition of glycolysis by 2-deoxyglucose neither suppressed nor further induced apoptosis nor altered the antiapoptotic effects of the mitochondrial inhibitors. Furthermore, Fas system activation did not modify the effects of mitochondrial modulators. After 24 h, delayed male germ cell apoptosis was observed despite the presence of the mitochondrial inhibitors. We conclude that the mitochondrial ATP production machinery plays an important role in regulating in vitroinduced primary pathways of human male germ apoptosis. The ATP synthesized by the F0F1-ATPase seems to be the crucial death regulator, rather than any of the complexes (I-IV) alone, the functional electron transport chain, or the membrane potential. We also conclude that there seem to be secondary pathways of human testicular cell apoptosis that do not require mitochondrial ATP production. The present study emphasizes the role of the main catabolic pathways in the complex network of regulating events of male germ cell life and death.testis; spermatogenesis; apoptosis; mitochondria; oxidative phosphorylation THE ENERGY METABOLISM and catabolism in the testis involve a unique network of reactions and include several testis-specific enzymes, hormonal regulation, and essential cell-to-cell interactions (1,8,27,29,41,43,55,56,58). The proper functioning of this network is critical for testicular physiology. Another crucial regulator of normal testicular function is appropriate germ cell death, and the disruption of this orderly process is associated with several male reproductive disorders (15,16,30,38,47,54,60). How these two entities, i.e., energy metabolism/catabolism and male germ cell death, are linked is presently unclear.The cell types of the seminiferous epithelium differ from each other in their sensitivity to death-inducing signals and with their preferred substrates for energy metabolism. Spermatogonia, mature spermatozoa, and the somatic Sertoli cells exhibit high glycolytic activity, whereas spermatocytes and spermatids produce ATP mainly by mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS; see Refs. 3,28,31,37,45,53,64). Interestingly, the cell types that use OXPHOS for energy production (i.e., spermatids and spermatocytes) are sensitive to death-inducing signals such as hormonal deprivation, Fas activation, and elevated temperature ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of human male germ cell death by modulators of ATP production

Erkkilä¹,

Kyttänen²,

Wikström³

et al. 2006

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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“…From a nutrition perspective, glucose is known to play an important role in energy metabolism in the testis. Germ cells use glucose and lactate, which is converted from glucose and is supplied by Sertoli cells (Rato et al, 2012;Bajpai et al, 1998;Boussouar and Benahmed, 2004;Jutte et al, 1982;Robinson and Fritz, 1981). Nevertheless, there are few reports evaluating the effects of glucose deficiency (hypoglycemia) on the testis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of long-lasting hypoglycemia on male reproductive organs in rats

et al. 2015

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-Glucose has an important role in spermatogenesis. Nevertheless there are few reports in which the effects of long-lasting hypoglycemia on male reproductive organs have been evaluated. Therefore, insulin was administered subcutaneously at 100, 200, and 400 IU/kg to male rats twice a day for one month. This treatment regimen produced plasma glucose levels that rapidly decreased after treatment, with decreased glucose levels lasting for several hours after each administration on the first and final treatment days. During the treatment period, no abnormalities in clinical signs or body weight were observed. No statistically significant differences were noted in the weights of testes, epididymides, prostates and seminal vesicles, or pituitary glands. Histopathological examination revealed that the insulintreated animals exhibited degeneration of seminiferous tubules in the testes and exfoliation of germ cells in the lumens of epididymides as a secondary change related to the testicular lesions. The incidences of the histopathological findings were found to be proportional to insulin dose. Sperm analysis of the group receiving the highest dosage indicated that the sperm concentration tended to decrease and the incidences of sperm malformations tended to increase. Our results suggest that long-lasting hypoglycemia affects male reproductive organs in rats.

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“…Rathi et al (2005) suggested that meiotic/post-meiotic cells may be less likely to survive the hypoxia associated with the procedure. This is logical given the requirements in rodents for oxidative metabolism as opposed to glycolysis in post-meiotic germ cells (Grootegoed et al 1986;Nakamura et al 1986;Bajpai et al 1998) and could account for the loss of differentiating male germ cells seen soon after placement of donor tissue containing meiotic cells. Yet, once having been lost, the underlying complement of SSC should, theoretically, have been the same as in prepubertal donors and, therefore, should still have been able to recover and repopulate to support spermatogenesis over the 50 week period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of donor age on success of spermatogenesis in feline testis xenografts

Kim

Selvaraj

Pukazhenthi

et al. 2007

Reprod. Fertil. Dev.

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Abstract. Ectopic xenografting of 'donor' feline testicular tissue into a 'recipient' immunodeficient mouse is a promising tool to preserve the male genome from genetically valuable felids. To define parameters under which the technique can succeed, we compared the effect of donor age on xenograft spermatogenesis among four age groups of domestic cats (Felis catus; age range 8 weeks to 15 months). In all cases, fresh tissue was grafted into castrated mice and collected 10, 30 and 50 weeks later. The percentage of xenografts recovered decreased as donor age increased. Mature testicular spermatozoa were observed in xenografts from the 8 and 9-16 week age groups; only a single 7-month-old donor produced elongating spermatids and xenografts from donors ≥8 months of age degenerated. Seminal vesicle weight, an indicator of bioactive testosterone, was not significantly different between donors aged 8 weeks to 7 months and controls, suggesting that xenograft Leydig cells were ultimately functional even in the 5-7 month age group. Regardless of donor age, production of mature spermatozoa from xenografts was markedly delayed compared with controls. Comparison of xenografts that produced sperm with normal controls revealed a decrease in tubule cross-sections having post-meiotic germ cells. Together, these results indicate that the maximum practical donor age was just before the onset of puberty and that even successful xenografts had abnormalities in spermatogenesis.

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Changes in carbohydrate metabolism of testicular germ cells during meiosis in the rat

Cited by 105 publications

References 22 publications

Regulation of human male germ cell death by modulators of ATP production

Regulation of human male germ cell death by modulators of ATP production

The effects of long-lasting hypoglycemia on male reproductive organs in rats

Effect of donor age on success of spermatogenesis in feline testis xenografts

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