Changes in Calpain Activity, Muscle Structure, and Function after Eccentric Exercise

Raastad, Truls; Owe, Simen Gylterud; Paulsen, Gøran; Enns, Deborah L.; Overgaard, Kristian; Crameri, Regina M.; Kiil, Steinar; Belcastro, A. N.; Bergersen, Linda Hildegard; Hallén, Jostein

doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3181ac7afa

Cited by 125 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In addition other studies that have demonstrated increased calpain activity in human muscle after eccentric, i.e. muscle-damaging, exercise, particularly in the myofibrillar fraction, suggest that calpain-mediated proteolysis is involved in the myofibrillar disruption observed after this type of exercise 111 .…”

Section: Calpainsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Proteolysis in illness-associated skeletal muscle atrophy: from pathways to networks

Wing

Lecker

Jagoe

2011

Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences

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Improvements in health in the past decades have resulted in increased numbers of the elderly in both developed and developing regions of the world. Advances in therapy have also increased the prevalence of patients with chronic and degenerative diseases. Muscle wasting, a feature of most chronic diseases, is prominent in the elderly and contributes to both morbidity and mortality. A major research goal has been to identify the proteolytic system(s) that is responsible for the degradation of proteins that occurs in muscle atrophy. Findings over the past 20 years have clearly confirmed an important role of the ubiquitin proteasome system in mediating muscle proteolysis, particularly that of myofibrillar proteins. However, recent observations have provided evidence that autophagy, calpains and caspases also contribute to the turnover of muscle proteins in catabolic states, and furthermore, that these diverse proteolytic systems interact with each other at various levels. Importantly, a number of intracellular signaling pathways such as the IGF1/AKT, myostatin/Smad, PGC1, cytokine/NFκB, and AMPK pathways are now known to interact and can regulate some of these proteolytic systems in a coordinated manner. A number of loss of function studies have identified promising therapeutic approaches to the prevention and treatment of wasting. However, additional biomarkers and other approaches to improve early identification of patients who would benefit from such treatment need to be developed. The current data suggests a network of interacting proteolytic and signaling pathways in muscle. Future studies are needed to improve understanding of the nature and control of these interactions and how they work to preserve muscle function under various states of growth and atrophy.

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Section: Calpainsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Proteolysis in illness-associated skeletal muscle atrophy: from pathways to networks

Wing

Lecker

Jagoe

2011

Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences

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“…Researchers in the field have also proposed that EIMD is likely to develop in a biphasic manner (Toumi and Best 2003;Howatson and van Someren 2008); insofar as, the initial mechanical and metabolic stress induced during an exercise task, also known as the primary phase, provokes deformation of contractile and non-contractile apparatus and induces biochemical changes that cause further muscle damage, typically referred to as the secondary phase (Howatson and van Someren 2008). The hallmarks of the secondary phase are an acute inflammatory response and disturbance of redox balance; effects that can be observed in both the muscle and circulation in the days after the inciting bout (Lapointe et al 2002;Toumi and Best 2003;Raastad et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minimal muscle damage after a marathon and no influence of beetroot juice on inflammation and recovery

Clifford

Allerton

Brown

et al. 2017

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

100

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DisclaimerThe University of Gloucestershire has obtained warranties from all depositors as to their title in the material deposited and as to their right to deposit such material.The University of Gloucestershire makes no representation or warranties of commercial utility, title, or fitness for a particular purpose or any other warranty, express or implied in respect of any material deposited.The University of Gloucestershire makes no representation that the use of the materials will not infringe any patent, copyright, trademark or other property or proprietary rights.The University of Gloucestershire accepts no liability for any infringement of intellectual property rights in any material deposited but will remove such material from public view pending investigation in the event of an allegation of any such infringement. PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR TEXT. Minimal muscle damage after a marathon and no influence of beetroot juice on inflammation and recovery AbstractThis study examined whether beetroot juice (BTJ) would attenuate inflammation and muscle damage following a marathon. Using a double blind, independent group's design, 34 runners (~16 previous marathons completed) consumed either BTJ or an isocaloric placebo (PLA) for 3 days following a marathon. Maximal isometric voluntary contractions (MIVC), countermovement jumps (CMJ), muscle soreness, serum cytokines, leucocytosis, creatine kinase (CK), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured pre, post, and on the 2 days after the marathon. CMJ and MIVC were reduced after the marathon (P<0.05) but no group differences were observed (P>0.05).Muscle soreness was increased in the day after the marathon (BTJ; 45±48 vs. PLA; 46±39 mm) and had returned to baseline by day 2, irrespective of supplementation (P=0.694).Cytokines (Interleukin-6; IL-6, interleukin-8, tumour necrosis factor-α) were increased immediately post-marathon but apart from IL-6 had returned to baseline values by day 1 post.No interaction effects were evident for IL-6 (P=0.213). Leucocytes increased 1.7 fold after the race and remained elevated 2 days post, irrespective of supplement (P<0.0001). CK peaked at 1 day post marathon (BTJ: 965±967 & PLA: 1141±979 IU·L -1 ) and like AST and hs-CRP, was still elevated 2 days after the marathon (P<0.05); however, no group differences were present for these variables. Beetroot juice did not attenuate inflammation or reduce muscle damage following a marathon, possibly because most of these indices were not markedly different from baseline values in the days after the marathon.

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“…4,5 Damage to contractile proteins, intermediate filaments, and the connective tissue surrounding muscle fibers and the subsequent inflammatory processes are associated with DOMS. 2,6 Malm et al 7 and others [8][9][10] reported that DOMS could be associated more with increased inflammation in the epimysium or perimysium than with the muscle fibers. However, the mechanisms underpinning DOMS have not yet been fully elucidated.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Muscle Pain Induced by Elbow-Flexor Eccentric Exercise

Lau

Blazevich

Newton

et al. 2015

Journal of Athletic Training

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Context: Delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is a common muscle pain that many people experience and is often used as a model of acute muscle pain. Researchers have reported the effects of various interventions on DOMS, but different DOMS assessment protocols used in these studies make it difficult to compare the effects.Objective: To investigate DOMS characteristics after elbow-flexor eccentric exercise to establish a standardized DOMS assessment protocol.Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Setting: Research laboratory.Patients or Other Participants: Ten healthy, untrained men (21-39 years).Intervention(s): Participants performed 10 sets of 6 maximal isokinetic eccentric contractions of the elbow flexors.Main Outcome Measure(s): Indirect muscle-damage markers were maximal voluntary isometric contraction torque, range of motion, and serum creatine kinase activity. Muscle pain was assessed before exercise, immediately postexercise, and 1 to 5 days postexercise using (1) a visual analog scale (VAS), (2) a category ratio-10 scale (CR-10) when applying static pressure and palpation at different sites (3, 9, and 15 cm above the elbow crease), and (3) pressure-pain thresholds (PPTs) at 50 sites (pain mapping).Results: Maximal voluntary isometric contraction and range of motion decreased and creatine kinase activity increased postexercise, indicating muscle damage. Palpation induced greater pain than static pressure, and longitudinal and transverse palpations induced greater pain than circular palpation (P , .05). The PPT was lower in the medial region before exercise, but the pain-sensitive regions shifted to the central and distal regions of the biceps brachii at 1 to 3 days postexercise (P , .05). The VAS was correlated with the CR-10 scale (r ¼ 0.91, P , .05) but not with the PPT (r ¼ À0.28, P ¼ .45).Conclusions: The way in which muscles are assessed affects the pain level score. This finding suggests that pain level and pain threshold cannot be used interchangeably and that the central and distal regions of the biceps brachii should be included in DOMS assessment using the VAS, CR-10 scale, and PPT after elbow-flexor eccentric exercise.Key Words: muscle damage, delayed-onset muscle soreness, pressure-pain threshold, palpation, visual analog scale Key PointsDelayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is induced by exercise consisting of eccentric muscle contractions and is regarded as mechanical hyperalgesia. Because DOMS is often used as a model of acute pain to investigate the effects of interventions on muscle pain in clinical trial studies, it is important to standardize the assessment protocol. However, no standardized protocol for DOMS assessment has been proposed. We propose a standardized protocol to assess DOMS of the biceps brachii after elbow-flexor eccentric exercise, a frequently used model.

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Changes in Calpain Activity, Muscle Structure, and Function after Eccentric Exercise

Cited by 125 publications

References 39 publications

Proteolysis in illness-associated skeletal muscle atrophy: from pathways to networks

Proteolysis in illness-associated skeletal muscle atrophy: from pathways to networks

Minimal muscle damage after a marathon and no influence of beetroot juice on inflammation and recovery

Assessment of Muscle Pain Induced by Elbow-Flexor Eccentric Exercise

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