Changes in Brain Function and Structure After Self-Administered Home Photobiomodulation Treatment in a Concussion Case

Chao, Linda; Barlow, Cody; Karimpoor, Mahta; Lim, Lew

doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.00952

Cited by 27 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…A similar study with ten adult patients classified with severe TBI who received PBM therapy three times a week for 6 weeks revealed increased cerebral blood flow and improved hemodynamic response (Carneiro et al, 2019). Additional similar published studies further provide evidence of the beneficial effect of PBM therapy in chronic TBI (Nawashiro et al, 2012;Hipskind et al, 2018;Chao et al, 2020).…”

Section: Mechanism Of Action Of Transcranial Near-infrared Light Brai...mentioning

confidence: 66%

Transcranial near-infrared light in treatment of neurodegenerative diseases

Nizamutdinov

Ezeudu

et al. 2022

Front. Pharmacol.

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Light is a natural agent consisting of a range of visible and invisible electromagnetic spectrum travels in waves. Near-infrared (NIR) light refers to wavelengths from 800 to 2,500 nm. It is an invisible spectrum to naked eyes and can penetrate through soft and hard tissues into deep structures of the human body at specific wavelengths. NIR light may carry different energy levels depending on the intensity of emitted light and therapeutic spectrum (wavelength). Stimulation with NIR light can activate intracellular cascades of biochemical reactions with local short- and long-term positive effects. These properties of NIR light are employed in photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy, have been linked to treating several brain pathologies, and are attracting more scientific attention in biomedicine. Transcranial brain stimulations with NIR light PBM in recent animal and human studies revealed a positive impact of treatment on the progression and improvement of neurodegenerative processes, management of brain energy metabolism, and regulation of chronic brain inflammation associated with various conditions, including traumatic brain injury. This scientific overview incorporates the most recent cellular and functional findings in PBM with NIR light in treating neurodegenerative diseases, presents the discussion of the proposed mechanisms of action, and describes the benefits of this treatment in neuroprotection, cell preservation/detoxification, anti-inflammatory properties, and regulation of brain energy metabolism. This review will also discuss the novel aspects and pathophysiological role of the glymphatic and brain lymphatics system in treating neurodegenerative diseases with NIR light stimulations. Scientific evidence presented in this overview will support a combined effort in the scientific community to increase attention to the understudied NIR light area of research as a natural agent in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases to promote more research and raise awareness of PBM in the treatment of brain disorders.

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Section: Mechanism Of Action Of Transcranial Near-infrared Light Brai...mentioning

confidence: 66%

Transcranial near-infrared light in treatment of neurodegenerative diseases

Nizamutdinov

Ezeudu

et al. 2022

Front. Pharmacol.

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“…Although small, the observed improvements following Real tPBM could have been associated with decreased inflammation ( 29 ), increased focal rCBF ( 45 , 46 ), improved functional connectivity ( 51 , 55 , 57 – 59 ), as well as increased ATP production in hypoxic/stressed cells ( 26 ), all factors associated with PBM application.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dementia patients were treated at home, using a NIR LED device designed to treat only the cortical node areas of the DMN. Case studies have shown improved functional connectivity in the DMN in chronic stroke/aphasia, along with improved language following a series of tLED treatments ( 55 ); likewise, improved cognition and functional connectivity in athletes with repetitive head impacts who may develop chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) – e.g., pro-football ( 51 , 58 ), and ice hockey ( 59 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcranial Photobiomodulation to Improve Cognition in Gulf War Illness

et al. 2021

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Introduction: Approximately 25–30% of veterans deployed to Kuwait, 1990-91, report persistent multi-symptom Gulf War Illness (GWI) likely from neurotoxicant exposures. Photobiomodulation (PBM) in red/near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths is a safe, non-invasive modality shown to help repair hypoxic/stressed cells. Red/NIR wavelengths are absorbed by cytochrome C oxidase in mitochondria, releasing nitric oxide (increasing local vasodilation), and increasing adenosine tri-phosphate production. We investigated whether PBM applied transcranially could improve cognition, and health symptoms in GWI.Materials and Methods: Forty-eight (40 M) participants completed this blinded, randomized, sham-controlled trial using Sham or Real, red/NIR light-emitting diodes (LED) applied transcranially. Fifteen, half-hour transcranial LED (tLED) treatments were twice a week (7.5 weeks, in-office). Goggles worn by participant and assistant maintained blinding for visible red. Pre-/Post- testing was at Entry, 1 week and 1 month post- 15th treatment. Primary outcome measures were neuropsychological (NP) tests; secondary outcomes, Psychosocial Questionnaires, including PTSD.Results: Primary Analyses (all participants), showed improvement for Real vs. Sham, for Digit Span Forwards (p < 0.01); and a trend for Trails 4, Number/Letter Sequencing (p < 0.10). For secondary outcomes, Real group reported more improvement on the SF-36V Plus, Physical Component Score (p < 0.08). Secondary Analyses included only subjects scoring below norm (50%ile) at Entry, on specific NP test/s. Real and Sham improved at 1 week after 15th treatment; however, at 1 month, only those receiving Real improved further: Digit Span Total, Forwards and Backwards; Trails 4, Number/Letter Sequencing; California Verbal Learning Test-II, long delay free recall; Continuous Performance Test-II, False Alarm Rate; and Color-Word Interference, Stroop, Trial 3, Inhibition; Sham group worsened, toward Entry values. Only those with more post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology at Entry, receiving Real, continued to have additional PTSD reduction at 1 month; Sham regressed.Conclusion: This study was underpowered (n = 48), with large heterogeneity at Entry. This likely contributed to significance or trend to significance, for only two of the NP tests (Digit Span Forwards; Trails 4, Number/Letter Sequencing) and only one general health measure, the SF-36V Plus, Physical Component Score. More subjects receiving Real, self-reported increased concentration, relaxation and sleep. Controlled studies with newer, transcranial LED home treatment devices are warranted; this is expected to increase enrollment.Clinical Trial Registration:www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT01782378.

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“…The 10 Hz pulse frequency delivered by the Neuro Alpha has been investigated and demonstrated efficacy for studies in dementia ( 29 ) and traumatic brain injury ( 40 ). This gives us cause to investigate the 10 Hz effect on structures of brain cells, particularly tubulin and microtubules, in search of further understanding of the mechanisms.…”

Section: Experimental Device Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near-Infrared Photobiomodulation of Living Cells, Tubulin, and Microtubules In Vitro

Staelens

Gregorio

Kalra

et al. 2022

Front. Med. Technol.

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We report the results of experimental investigations involving photobiomodulation (PBM) of living cells, tubulin, and microtubules in buffer solutions exposed to near-infrared (NIR) light emitted from an 810 nm LED with a power density of 25 mW/cm2 pulsed at a frequency of 10 Hz. In the first group of experiments, we measured changes in the alternating current (AC) ionic conductivity in the 50–100 kHz range of HeLa and U251 cancer cell lines as living cells exposed to PBM for 60 min, and an increased resistance compared to the control cells was observed. In the second group of experiments, we investigated the stability and polymerization of microtubules under exposure to PBM. The protein buffer solution used was a mixture of Britton-Robinson buffer (BRB aka PEM) and microtubule cushion buffer. Exposure of Taxol-stabilized microtubules (~2 μM tubulin) to the LED for 120 min resulted in gradual disassembly of microtubules observed in fluorescence microscopy images. These results were compared to controls where microtubules remained stable. In the third group of experiments, we performed turbidity measurements throughout the tubulin polymerization process to quantify the rate and amount of polymerization for PBM-exposed tubulin vs. unexposed tubulin samples, using tubulin resuspended to final concentrations of ~ 22.7 μM and ~ 45.5 μM in the same buffer solution as before. Compared to the unexposed control samples, absorbance measurement results demonstrated a slower rate and reduced overall amount of polymerization in the less concentrated tubulin samples exposed to PBM for 30 min with the parameters mentioned above. Paradoxically, the opposite effect was observed in the 45.5 μM tubulin samples, demonstrating a remarkable increase in the polymerization rates and total polymer mass achieved after exposure to PBM. These results on the effects of PBM on living cells, tubulin, and microtubules are novel, further validating the modulating effects of PBM and contributing to designing more effective PBM parameters. Finally, potential consequences for the use of PBM in the context of neurodegenerative diseases are discussed.

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Changes in Brain Function and Structure After Self-Administered Home Photobiomodulation Treatment in a Concussion Case

Cited by 27 publications

References 87 publications

Transcranial near-infrared light in treatment of neurodegenerative diseases

Transcranial near-infrared light in treatment of neurodegenerative diseases

Transcranial Photobiomodulation to Improve Cognition in Gulf War Illness

Near-Infrared Photobiomodulation of Living Cells, Tubulin, and Microtubules In Vitro

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