Changes in brain anatomy in focal hand dystonia

Garraux, Gaëtan; Bauer, Andrew; Hanakawa, Takashi; Wu, Tao; Kansaku, Kenji; Hallett, Mark

doi:10.1002/ana.20113

Cited by 165 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…Significantly decreased levels of GABA in the contralateral sensorimotor cortex and nucleus lenticularis, with insignificant decreases ipsilaterally, have been detected by MR spectroscopy 28 . Voxel-based morphometry study also verified the increased volume of gray matter bilaterally in S1 and decreased volume in M1 areas in patients with writer's cramp 29 . Finally, a study employing PET with O…”

Section: Neurophysiological and Imaging Methodsmentioning

confidence: 59%

Cortical Plasticity and Its Implications for Focal Hand Dystonia

Opavský¹,

Hluštı́k²,

Kaňovský³

2006

BIOMED PAP

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Background:The exact origin of focal dystonias has not been elucidated so far. Aberrant plasticity of the brain cortex is suspected to be a crucial factor in the development of this group of movement disorders. The aim of this article is to summarize recent findings on the etiopathogenesis of focal hand dystonias with a focus on the role of abnormal cortical plasticity.Methods And Results: A search of the literature mainly from 1995 to 2005 was done using the PubMed and Ovid search engines. English-language articles were identified using the following keywords: focal hand dystonia or writer's cramp and cortical plasticity, sensorimotor, imaging. Additional references were found through bibliography reviews of relevant articles. The data from neurophysiological and imaging studies, as well as clinical observation, in focal hand dystonia suggest multiple failures at different levels of the somatosensory and motor systems, particularly in the brain cortex. This disorders lead to attenuation of inhibitory and fortification of excitatory processes.Conclusions: The emerging theory presumes that a maladaptive plasticity of brain cortex with abnormal sensorimotor intergration can evolve in predisposed individuals. Consequent methods of management of focal hand dystonias are outlined.

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Section: Neurophysiological and Imaging Methodsmentioning

confidence: 59%

Cortical Plasticity and Its Implications for Focal Hand Dystonia

Opavský¹,

Hluštı́k²,

Kaňovský³

2006

BIOMED PAP

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“…In patients with blepharospasm, the putaminal GM volume was increased 17 or decreased, 6 and the GM volume in the caudate and cerebellum was increased. 6 In patients with focal hand dystonia, the GM volume in the sensorimotor cortex was either increased 18 or decreased. 14 The patients with focal hand dystonia who had decreased sensorimotor cortex GM volume also had decreased GM volume in the thalamus and cerebellum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Transverse and Longitudinal MR Imaging Voxel-Based Morphometry Study in Patients with Primary Cervical Dystonia

Pantano¹,

Totaro

Fabbrini

et al. 2010

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

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“…Delmaire et al [17] using voxel-based morphometry in 30 patients with right-handed WC reported reduced in gray matter volume in the hand area of the left primary sensorimotor cortex, bilateral posterior thalamus and cerebellum, whereas Garraux et al [18] reported increased volume in sensorimotor cortex. These findings point to the maladaptation of the sensorimotor areas in response to prolonged writing or performing a particular activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Clinical Profile of 125 Patients with Writer's Cramp

Jhunjhunwala

Lenka

Pal³

2015

Eur Neurol

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Background: The characteristics of writer's cramp (WC) may vary according to native languages and scripts. We report the clinical profile of a large cohort of patients with WC from India. Methods: A chart review of 125 patients (F:M = 16:109) with WC seen over 10 years at the National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), India. Results: The mean age of patients was 36.8 ± 14.3, the mean age at onset (AAO) of symptoms was 31.5 ± 2.7 and the mean duration of difficulty in writing was 5.3 ± 6.3. The most common presenting complaint while writing was pain in the forearm (56%), followed by tremulousness of hand (28.8%) and abnormal posturing of hand (15.2%). Along with writing difficulty, 5.6% had difficulty in typing. The mean AAO of writing difficulty was significantly earlier in women than in men (22.8 ± 3.5 vs. 32.8 ± 4.2 years, p < 0.001). While writing, excessive extension (41.6%) of wrist was the most common abnormality, followed by excessive flexion (37.6%) and extension (19.2%) of index finger. Conclusions: Women with WC have a significantly earlier age of onset than men. Excessive extension of wrist with flexion of thumb and index finger were the most common abnormalities noted in WC.

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Changes in brain anatomy in focal hand dystonia

Cited by 165 publications

References 18 publications

Cortical Plasticity and Its Implications for Focal Hand Dystonia

Cortical Plasticity and Its Implications for Focal Hand Dystonia

A Transverse and Longitudinal MR Imaging Voxel-Based Morphometry Study in Patients with Primary Cervical Dystonia

A Clinical Profile of 125 Patients with Writer's Cramp

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