Changes in Body Mass Index During a 3-Year Elementary School–Based Obesity Prevention Program for American Indian and White Rural Students

Vogeltanz-Holm, Nancy; Holm, Jeffrey E.

doi:10.1177/1090198117714825

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The majority (n=13) of studies evaluating healthy food provision were undertaken in primary/elementary schools. [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] Most of these were multicomponent interventions combining healthy food provision within school curriculum or other nutrition education activities. Ten studies measured anthropometric outcomes among Indigenous students, with most finding no significant difference in body mass index (BMI) postintervention, 23 25 however, one RCT reported a 10% reduction in the prevalence of overweight among Indigenous children.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 29 Two studies undertaken in general school populations with mixed ethnicities reported favourable effects on obesity prevalence, including Indigenous children. 32 37 Studies evaluating dietary outcomes for Indigenous children frequently reported reductions in consumption of high fat/high sugar foods and beverages, 26–29 and/or improvements in food group and nutrient intake. 24 39 40 A low-quality evaluation of a fruit provision programme for Indigenous children (n=12) observed improvements in vitamin C status and hearing tests following the intervention.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of food policy actions on Indigenous Peoples’ nutrition-related outcomes: a systematic review

et al. 2020

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IntroductionIndigenous Peoples worldwide endure unacceptable health disparities with undernutrition and food insecurity often coexisting with obesity and chronic diseases. Policy-level actions are required to eliminate malnutrition in all its forms. However, there has been no systematic synthesis of the evidence of effectiveness of food and nutrition policies for Indigenous Peoples around the world. This review fills that gap.MethodsEight databases were searched for peer-reviewed literature, published between 2000 and 2019. Relevant websites were searched for grey literature. Articles were included if they were original studies, published in English and included data from Indigenous Peoples from Western colonised countries, evaluated a food or nutrition policy (or intervention), and provided quantitative impact/outcome data. Study screening, data extraction and quality assessment were undertaken independently by two authors, at least one of whom was Indigenous. A narrative synthesis was undertaken with studies grouped according to the NOURISHING food policy framework.ResultsWe identified 78 studies from Canada, Australia, Aotearoa/New Zealand and the USA. Most studies evaluated targeted interventions, focused on rural or remote Indigenous communities. The most effective interventions combined educational strategies with policies targeting food price, composition and/or availability, particularly in retail and school environments. Interventions to reduce exposure to unhealthy food advertising was the only area of the NOURISHING framework not represented in the literature. Few studies examined the impact of universal food policies on Indigenous Peoples’ diets, health or well-being.ConclusionBoth targeted and universal policy action can be effective for Indigenous Peoples. Actions that modify the structures and systems governing food supply through improved availability, access and affordability of healthy foods should be prioritised. More high-quality evidence on the impact of universal food and nutrition policy actions for Indigenous Peoples is required, particularly in urban areas and in the area of food marketing.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of food policy actions on Indigenous Peoples’ nutrition-related outcomes: a systematic review

et al. 2020

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“… Decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT), deft index (for primary/baby teeth) Stamm et al [ 43 ] 1980 Observational Canada n.a. 13–14 Decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT), Oral Hygiene Index (simplified) OHI(S) Tyler [ 44 ] 2004 Observational USA School based health centre 7–12 Body Mass Index (BMI), BMI percentiles for age and sex Vogeltanz-Holm & Holm [ 45 ] 2018 Interventional USA Schools Mean age 8.75 Body Mass Index (BMI), BMI percentiles for age and sex, BMI z-scores for age and sex Whittemore et al [ 46 ] 2013 Interventional USA Schools 14–17 Body Mass Index (BMI), BMI percentiles for age and sex Wrobel & Mielnik-Blaszczak [ 47 ] 2012 Interventional Poland Schools 12–13 Decayed, missing and filled surfaces (DMFS) a If there were no data on country but regions or continents, this information was noted in this column b If there was no information on population age but on mean age or school grade, this information was noted in this column c n.a. indicates that the information was not applicable d n.r.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We identified seven indices that we attributed as anthropometrical: body mass index (BMI) [ 13 , 14 , 16 – 20 , 22 , 24 – 26 , 29 , 30 , 34 – 36 , 38 , 40 , 44 – 46 ], BMI percentiles [ 13 , 14 , 17 , 20 , 24 , 25 , 30 , 31 , 34 , 36 , 40 , 44 – 46 ], BMI z-scores [ 24 , 35 , 45 ], waist-to-height ratio [ 19 ], waist-to-hip ratio [ 20 ], mid-arm muscle circumference [ 13 ] and ponderal index [ 27 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health indices for the evaluation and monitoring of health in children and adolescents in prevention and health promotion: a scoping review

et al. 2021

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Background Health indicators are used in different settings to monitor health outcomes. Child and adolescent health is arguably one of the most important areas for the application of indices and indicators in prevention and health promotion. Although single health indicators may be better suited to display the complexity of the health status and its determinants, a selected set of indicators will still offer a complex picture. Therefore, it is argued that a group of indicators combined into an index may offer a pragmatic tool that is easier to use in order to inform stakeholders. Methods A scoping review was conducted to identify and describe health indices that monitor and evaluate health of children and adolescents and to appraise the quality and value of the identified indices that may guide the further applications of these indices in particular settings. The three bibliographic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsycINFO were searched and a double screening of titles and abstracts as well as double screening of full texts was performed. Indices contained in these studies were analysed in terms of focus and composition and evaluated in terms of quality criteria. Results The scoping review identified 36 eligible studies with 18 health indices in six thematic categories. Of the identified indices, seven indices focus on anthropometrical variables, three indices focus on special aspects of newborns and five indices focus on oral health. One index assesses “healthy lifestyle” and one “functional ability” whereas one index a combination of different aspects. Most indices are calculated by using primary health data. Conclusions Alone or in combination with single sets of indicators, indices in six major thematic domains may be used as pragmatic tools for monitoring children’s and adolescents´ health and the evaluation of interventions in health promotion and prevention settings.

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“…The immense number of potential interactions and limitations of commonly used analytic approaches often results in obesity studies that only consider fragments of the ecological model [ 12 , 13 , 14 ]. As noted above, manually selecting less than a handful of interactions is ignoring hundreds or even thousands of other potentially meaningful interactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Explainable Artificial Intelligence to Discover Interactions in an Ecological Model for Obesity

Allen

Lane

Steeves

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Ecological theories suggest that environmental, social, and individual factors interact to cause obesity. Yet, many analytic techniques, such as multilevel modeling, require manual specification of interacting factors, making them inept in their ability to search for interactions. This paper shows evidence that an explainable artificial intelligence approach, commonly employed in genomics research, can address this problem. The method entails using random intersection trees to decode interactions learned by random forest models. Here, this approach is used to extract interactions between features of a multi-level environment from random forest models of waist-to-height ratios using 11,112 participants from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study. This study shows that methods used to discover interactions between genes can also discover interacting features of the environment that impact obesity. This new approach to modeling ecosystems may help shine a spotlight on combinations of environmental features that are important to obesity, as well as other health outcomes.

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Changes in Body Mass Index During a 3-Year Elementary School–Based Obesity Prevention Program for American Indian and White Rural Students

Cited by 8 publications

References 39 publications

Effects of food policy actions on Indigenous Peoples’ nutrition-related outcomes: a systematic review

Effects of food policy actions on Indigenous Peoples’ nutrition-related outcomes: a systematic review

Health indices for the evaluation and monitoring of health in children and adolescents in prevention and health promotion: a scoping review

Using Explainable Artificial Intelligence to Discover Interactions in an Ecological Model for Obesity

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