Changes in Body Composition in Women over Six Years at Midlife: Ovarian and Chronological Aging

Sowers, Mary Fran; Zheng, Huiyong; Tomey, Kristin; Karvonen‐Gutierrez, Carrie; Jannausch, Mary; Li, Xizhao; Yosef, Matheos; Symons, James P.

doi:10.1210/jc.2006-1393

Cited by 406 publications

(323 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Contrary to our hypothesis, we found that the rate of change in waist circumference was not significantly different during the stages of the menopausal transition among white women, while black women in the sample exhibited a slower rate of change in waist circumference after menopause. These findings are consistent with data from prior clinical studies 1, 30. Sowers et al noted an increase in waist circumference the year after the final menstrual period followed by a stabilization (or even decrease) in waist circumference 30.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Progression of Metabolic Syndrome Severity During the Menopausal Transition

Gurka

Vishnu

Santen

et al. 2016

JAHA

124

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BackgroundAfter menopause, women exhibit a higher prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and higher risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the timing of changes in MetS severity over the menopausal transition and whether these changes differ by racial/ethnic group remain unclear.Methods and ResultsWe assessed data from 1470 women from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities cohort who experienced transition in menopausal status over 10 years (visits 1–4). We used linear mixed models to evaluate changes by menopausal status (premenopause, perimenopause, and postmenopause) in a MetS severity Z‐score and in the individual MetS components. While there were gradual increases in MetS severity over time across menopause stages, black women in particular exhibited more rapid progression in MetS severity during the premenopausal and perimenopausal periods than during the postmenopausal period. In the postmenopausal period (compared with prior periods), white women exhibited unfavorable decreases in high‐density lipoprotein, while black women exhibited favorable alterations in the rate of change for waist circumference, triglycerides, high‐density lipoprotein, and glucose, contributing to the slowed progression of MetS severity. These changes were all observed after adjusting for hormone replacement treatment.ConclusionsDuring menopausal transition, women exhibited rapid increases in MetS severity during the premenopausal and perimenopausal periods, with black women having significant reductions in this increase in severity during the postmenopausal period. These data suggest that the higher prevalence of MetS in postmenopausal women may be caused more by changes during the menopausal transition than by postmenopause. These findings may thus have implications regarding the timing of cardiovascular risk relative to menopause.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Progression of Metabolic Syndrome Severity During the Menopausal Transition

Gurka

Vishnu

Santen

et al. 2016

JAHA

124

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“…At the age of ∼50 years, body weight and waist circumference increase in females. In addition, lean body mass and skeletal muscle mass decrease and fat mass increases (Ho et al 2010;Sowers et al 2007;Sternfeld et al 2004). As the time after the menopause increases, the increases in fat mass and body weight become greater (Guo et al 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-related changes in 100-km ultra-marathon running performance

Knechtle

Rüst

Rosemann

et al. 2011

AGE

136

200

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The aims of this study were (1) to investigate the participation and performance trends at the '100 km Lauf Biel' in Switzerland from 1998 to 2010, and (2) to compare the age-related changes in 100-km running performance between males and females. For both sexes, the percent of finishers significantly (P<0.01) decreased for the 18-29 and the 30-39-year age groups, while it significantly (P<0.01) increased for the 40-49 and the 50-59-year age groups over the studied period. From 1998 to 2010, the mean age of the top ten finishers increased by 0.4 years per annum for both females (P=0.02) and males (P=0.003). The running time for the top ten finishers remained stable for females, while it significantly (P=0.001) increased by 2.4 min per annum for males. There was a significant (P<0.001) age effect on running times for both sexes. The best 100-km running times was observed for the age comprised between 30 and 49 years for males, and between 30 and 54 years for females, respectively. The age-related decline in running performance was similar until 60-64 years between males and females, but was greater for females compared to males after 65 years. Future studies should investigate the lifespan from 65 to 75 years to better understand the performance difference between male and female master ultra-marathoners.

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“…These somatic changes and the general ageing processes of the body together lead to changes in lifestyle (e.g. decreasing physical activity during leisure time) and quality of life [29,31,[43][44][45][46][47].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However the biological processes that lead to changes in body fat distribution during the menopausal transition, i.e., an increase of total and central body fat (in particular an increase in the accumulation of intra-abdominal fat) and a redistribution of fat from lower body subcutaneous fat toward the abdominal region [29][30][31] have not been fully explored [32,33]. In addition, the changes in body fat distribution by age and during the menopausal transition cannot be studied independently (the increase in relative body fat mass and the increase in abdominal fat accumulation are the main features of body fatness redistribution by ageing) [29,[34][35][36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body fatness and endogenous sex hormones in the menopausal transition

et al. 2016

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a b s t r a c tBackground: Age at the final menstrual period is of clinical and public health interest because the age at which natural menopause occurs may be a marker of ageing and health, and in general the menopausal transition increases the risk of many diseases, e.g. redistribution in the pattern of adiposity during the menopausal transition may increase risk of metabolic disease. The purpose of this research was to study the relationship between the menopausal status and body fatness. Subjects and methods: A random sample of 1932Hungarian women was studied. Body composition was estimated by body impedance analysis. In a subsample free estradiol and progesterone levels in saliva were quantified. Results: Body fat mass increased until the late 50s and then had a decrease through senescence. Premenopausal women who were much older than the median age at menopause had a higher amount of fat than their postmenopausal age-peers, while postmenopausal women, whose menopause occurred much earlier than the median age at menopause, had less fat than their premenopausal age-peers. The body fat mass in premenopausal women with low levels of sex hormones was always below the agemedian value of the menopausal status subgroups, while the body fat mass of postmenopausal women with high levels of sex hormone levels was above the age-median values. Conclusions: The analysis of body fatness in the menopausal transition revealed that (1) the rate of reproductive ageing and the body fat pattern were significantly related, and (2) body fat mass of women with unexpected levels of sex hormones was related more to their hormonal levels than to their menopausal status or their age. Thus future epidemiological screenings of women exposed to higher levels of menopause-related health risks should be expanded beyond the estimation of menopausal status based only on menstrual history to include sex hormone level assessment, as well as body composition analysis.

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Changes in Body Composition in Women over Six Years at Midlife: Ovarian and Chronological Aging

Abstract: Both time (chronological aging) and ovarian aging contributed to substantial changes in body composition (fat and skeletal muscle mass) and waist circumference. These changes have important ramifications for establishing a metabolic environment that can be healthy or unhealthy.

Cited by 406 publications

References 29 publications

Progression of Metabolic Syndrome Severity During the Menopausal Transition

Progression of Metabolic Syndrome Severity During the Menopausal Transition

Age-related changes in 100-km ultra-marathon running performance

Body fatness and endogenous sex hormones in the menopausal transition

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