Changes in Body Composition during the Initial Hours of Life in Breast-Fed Healthy Term Newborns

Rodrı́guez, Gerardo; Ventura, Purificación; Samper, María Pilar; Moreno, Luis A.; Sarrı́a, Antonio; Pérez-González, J

doi:10.1159/000014189

Cited by 48 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Age-and gender-specific densities of FFM are computed based on the data of Fomon et al (7). For infants up to 6 d old, this FFM density calculation also takes into account reported fluctuations in hydration level (26). FM and FFM are computed from weight and % body fat.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body Composition From Birth to 4.5 Months in Infants Born to Non-Obese Women

2010

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Infant body composition is affected by maternal obesity, which results in increased % body fat in the infant. With the rapidly increasing incidence of obesity, it is important that normative data are available for infant body composition that is not affected by this trend in maternal obesity. This study assessed body composition in infants born at term to women with a BMI between 18.5 and 25. Infant % body fat, fat mass (FM), and fat free mass (FFM) were assessed at birth, 6 wk, 3 mo, and 4.5 mo of age by air displacement plethysmography, using the PEA POD body composition system. The effects of age, gender, GA, and feeding mode on these parameters were assessed. The % body fat doubled between birth and 6 wk of age and then increased at a slower rate. FFM was higher in male infants at all ages, whereas % body fat was higher in female infants at 4.5 mo. There was a trend to increased % fat and decreased FFM in breastfed (BF) infants. The study provides unique data regarding changes in infant body composition and growth in infants born to women in the healthy weight range. (Pediatr Res 68: 84-88, 2010) B ody composition in early life may play a key role in the programming of a variety of health outcomes, including hypertension, stroke, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease (1). The Barker hypothesis states that undernutrition and small size at birth are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes later in life (2). Observational evidence also suggests that faster growth during infancy is associated with an increased risk of obesity (2-5). This is an area of very active research, and in this environment, it is important to establish normal values for infant body composition and growth. In addition, the assessment of feeding interventions for preterm infants may be improved by measuring changes in fat free mass (FFM) vs. fat mass (FM). Deviations from normal developmental patterns of body composition may program these infants for later health problems (2-5). Again, it is critical that normative data be established for infant body composition.Historically, growth has been monitored by serial measurements of weight, length, and head circumference, with little information available on the compositional nature of infant growth. Early data were based on chemical analysis of a small number of stillborn infants (6,7). More recently, body composition has been measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) (8,9), total body electrical conductivity (TOBEC) (10), magnetic resonance imaging (11), or multicompartment models based on total body water, total body potassium, and bone mineral content measurements (12). However, many of these studies did not measure body composition at birth, and no studies have taken maternal body composition into account. Because it has been shown that maternal overweight/obesity is associated with increased body fat in the newborn infant (13,14), and the prevalence of maternal obesity is increasing, there is a need to establish norma...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body Composition From Birth to 4.5 Months in Infants Born to Non-Obese Women

2010

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“…Studies in preterm and term infants have shown it to predict TBW accurately [39,40,41]. However, the rapid fluxes in TBW in preterm and newborn infants mean that its ability to accurately predict body composition in terms of FFM and FM is limited.…”

Section: Body Composition Methods Suitable For Paediatric Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Early Growth and Adiposity: Report from an EarlyNutrition Academy Workshop

Ward

Poston²,

Godfrey³

et al. 2013

Ann Nutr Metab

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This report provides a summary of a workshop organised by the European Commission-funded EarlyNutrition Project and the EarlyNutrition Academy. Accurate and reliable methods to assess body composition are needed in research on prenatal and early post-natal influences of nutrition on later health because common surrogate measures of maternal and offspring adiposity (body fat content), such as body mass index (BMI), have relatively poor predictive power for the risk of later disease. The key goals of the workshop were to discuss approaches to assess growth and body composition from pregnancy to adolescence, to summarise conclusions and to prepare a framework for research in the EarlyNutrition Project. The participants concluded that there is a pressing need to harmonise the methodologies for assessing body composition, recognising that each has advantages and limitations. Essential core measurements across studies assessing early growth and body composition were identified, including weight, length, BMI, waist and mid-upper arm circumference, subscapular and triceps skinfold thicknesses, and bioelectrical impedance analysis. In research settings with access to more sophisticated technologies, additional methods could include dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, peripheral quantitative computed tomography, ultrasound assessment of regional body fat, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), air displacement plethysmography (ADP), and deuterium dilution. These provide richer data to answer research questions in greater depth but also increase costs. Where overall whole-body composition is the primary outcome measure, ADP or tracer dilution should be used whenever possible. Where regional distribution of body fat is of greater interest, an imaging technique such as MRI is preferred.

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“…Os recém-nascidos a termo foram avaliados no segundo dia, após 36 horas de vida, período posterior à maior perda de água do compartimento extracelular 20 .…”

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Antropometria e composição corporal de recém-nascidos pré-termo na idade gestacional e no peso equivalente ao termo

et al. 2015

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Antropometria e composição corporal de recém-nascidos pré-termo na idade gestacional e no peso equivalente ao termo Anthropometry and body composition of preemies at term age and term age weight R E S U M O ObjetivoAnalisar o crescimento e a composição corporal de recém-nascidos pré-termo na idade gestacional corrigida de termo e ao alcançarem um peso entre 3,0 e 3,5 kg. MétodosEstudo longitudinal, realizado no Instituto Fernandes Figueira, Rio de Janeiro, com 39 recém-nascidos pré-termo e que apresentaram muito baixo peso ao nascer. Medidas antropométricas e água corporal total foram avaliadas no primeiro, no sétimo e no dia da recuperação do peso de nascimento, na idade gestacional corrigida do termo e em torno de três semanas de idade gestacional corrigida (correspondente ao tempo de vida para alcançar um peso entre 3,0 e 3,5 kg). O grupo de referência foi constituído por 32 recém-nascidos a termo, adequados para a idade gestacional, avaliados no segundo dia de vida. Considerou-se restrição de crescimento o escore-Z menor do que -2 para peso, comprimento e perímetro cefálico. ResultadosNa idade de termo, 71,8% dos recém-nascidos pré-termo apresentaram restrição do crescimento para peso, 61,5% para comprimento e 25,6% para perímetro cefálico. Com três semanas de idade gestacional corrigida, esses recém-nascidos apresentaram a prega cutânea tricipital e a circunferência abdominal estatisticamente maiores que o grupo de referência enquanto o comprimento e a porcentagem de água corporal total foram menores. ConclusãoOs recém-nascidos pré-termo apresentaram perfil antropométrico e de água corporal diferente dos recém--nascidos a termo, sugerindo acúmulo de gordura. Houve recuperação do crescimento entre a idade de termo e três semanas de idade corrigida, sendo mais evidente esse crescimento em relação ao perímetro cefálico e peso.Palavras-chave: Antropometria. Composição corporal. Prematuro. Recém-nascido. A B S T R A C T ObjectiveTo analyze growth and body composition of preemies at term gestational age and when they reach a weight of 3.0 to 3.5 kg. Methods This longitudinal study was conducted at ConclusionThe anthropometric profile and total body water of preemies were different from those of term newborns, suggesting fat deposition. There was catch up growth between term age and three weeks of corrected gestational age, which was more evident for head circumference and weight.

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Changes in Body Composition during the Initial Hours of Life in Breast-Fed Healthy Term Newborns

Cited by 48 publications

References 17 publications

Body Composition From Birth to 4.5 Months in Infants Born to Non-Obese Women

Body Composition From Birth to 4.5 Months in Infants Born to Non-Obese Women

Assessing Early Growth and Adiposity: Report from an EarlyNutrition Academy Workshop

Antropometria e composição corporal de recém-nascidos pré-termo na idade gestacional e no peso equivalente ao termo

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