Changes in bioactive phytochemical content and in vitro antioxidant activity of carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) as influenced by fruit ripening

Until the early 1960s, the traditional recipe "Arkouy" from the mixture of carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) powder and olive (Olea europaea L.) oil represented a sought-after food product in some localities of the Kabylian region (Northeastern Algeria). e present work attempted to improve this traditional recipe to obtain a natural candy from date (Phoenix dactylifera L.), olive (Olea europaea L.), and carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) fruits. For this, di erent formulations with various proportions of the date paste, olive paste, and carob powder were obtained using a constrained mixture design (proportion of date paste ≥ 0.7). e hardness and total color di erence in the CIELab system were adopted as dependent variables. For comparison purpose, the local commercial candy "Caprice" was taken as reference. In addition, the two formulations containing the three basic ingredients were analyzed for the overall acceptability, reducing power, and thermal analysis. At rst approximation, it can be said that the formulation containing 75% date paste, 20% carob powder, and 5% olive paste ensures a balance between the target values of texture and color. e obtained candy can be used as a dietary supplement for all categories of consumers, especially patients with swallowing di culties.

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“…Moreover, the RP of F and G are close to the result (1050 mg AAE/100 g, ms) found concerning the Sisam carob fruit variety [48].…”

Section: Reducing Power (Rp)supporting

confidence: 85%

Preparation of a Natural Candy from Date (Phoenix dactyliferaL.), Olive (Olea europaeaL.), and Carob (Ceratonia siliquaL.) Fruits

Radia

Boukhiar

Salem

2018

Journal of Food Quality

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“…Carob fruit is rich in polyphenols with phenolic acids, gallotannins and flavonoids being the most prevalent [103]. Although polyphenols illustrate a wide range of biological activities in vitro, their low bioavailability attenuates their efficacy in vivo [104,105].…”

Section: Carob’s Polyphenols and Bioavailabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Components of Carob Fruit: Linking the Chemical and Biological Space

Goulas

Stylos

Chatziathanasiadou

et al. 2016

IJMS

123

135

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The contribution of natural products to the drug-discovery pipeline has been remarkable since they have served as a rich source for drug development and discovery. Natural products have adapted, during the course of evolution, optimum chemical scaffolds against a wide variety of diseases, including cancer and diabetes. Advances in high-throughput screening assays, assisted by the continuous development on the instrumentation’s capabilities and omics, have resulted in charting a large chemical and biological space of drug-like compounds, originating from natural sources. Herein, we attempt to integrate the information on the chemical composition and the associated biological impact of carob fruit in regards to human health. The beneficial and health-promoting effects of carob along with the clinical trials and the drug formulations derived from carob’s natural components are presented in this review.

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“…Estimated acreage of spontaneous carob in Morocco is 30,000 ha with a production that follows an increasing rate (El Hajaji et al, ). Carob extracts have shown several biological activities such as in vitro antioxidant power; reduce hypercholesterolemia in humans (Sebai et al, ) and have been reported to exhibit antimutagenic, antiproliferative, and antiestrogenic activity (Agrawal et al, ), anti‐cardiovascular, nephroprotective (Benchikh et al, ), and anthelmintic effects (Saratsis et al, ). These biological activities are likely due to the presence of high amounts of phenolic compounds (Uysal, Zengin, Aktumsek, & Karatas, ); in fact, carob leaf extracts are rich in gallic acid, (−) epigallocatechin3‐gallate, and (−) epicatechin‐3‐gallate (Corsi et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Carob is widely distributed in the Mediterranean region (Amessis-Ouchemoukh et al, 2017). Italy, Portugal, Morocco, Greece, Cyprus, Turkey, and Algeria are the stronger producers of carob worldwide (Benchikh, Louaileche, George, & Merlin, 2014). Carob presents currently a huge economical gain (Saratsis, Voutzourakis, Theodosiou, Stefanakis, & Sotiraki, 2016) with its high exploitation in food industries in order to produce locust bean and carob bean gum (Bernardo-Gil et al, 2011), its use in cosmetics and textile (Biner, Gubbuk, Karhan, Aksu, & Pekmezci, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucose‐mediated protein glycation: Contribution of methanolic extract of Ceratonia siliqua L. in protection and in vitro potential inhibition of acetylcholinesterase

et al. 2019

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Chronic hyperglycemia presents the major etiology of diabetes mellitus and related complications mainly Alzheimer's disease, via the protein glycation and toxic products generated. In the current study, we investigated the eventual protective effect of the methanolic extract of Ceratonia siliqua L. (CsME) against glucose‐mediated glycation in serum bovine albumin. The multi‐stage glycation markers, namely fructosamines and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) levels were monitored along with measurement of thiol groups; moreover, the in vitro acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition potential was carried out. HPLC was also assessed. Rutin was the main phenolic compound found in CsME. CsME showed a good capacity to inhibit AGEs, fructosamines and protected thiol groups against glycation. CsME exhibited a great AChE inhibition activity. In the present study, CsME prevented glucose‐induced protein glycation, it also exhibited a good inhibition of AChE, suggesting its DM complications such as memory troubles related to AD. Practical applications Neurodegenerative disorders ranging from memory troubles to Alzheimer's disease present the most diabetes mellitus complications and mainly attributed to protein glycation process. Currently, there is a strong trend to search for efficient natural sources of glycation and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors to replace the synthetic ones, whose secondary effects were shown. The present article tries to justify scientifically the wide use of Ceratonia siliqua L. in Moroccan folk medicine, demonstrating that the methanolic extract of leaves from this species presents a promising source of new natural compounds inhibiting acetylcholinesterase and acting in vitro against glycation generated compounds. Furthermore, for the first time, Rutin was the main phenolic compound found in this extract, these encouraging results should be coupled with further studies to integrate it in pharmaceutical formulations. As such, this paper should be of interest to a broad readership, including those interested in Biochemistry, Phytochemistry, pharmacology, and neurosciences.

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Changes in bioactive phytochemical content and in vitro antioxidant activity of carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) as influenced by fruit ripening

Cited by 71 publications

References 27 publications

Preparation of a Natural Candy from Date (Phoenix dactyliferaL.), Olive (Olea europaeaL.), and Carob (Ceratonia siliquaL.) Fruits

Preparation of a Natural Candy from Date (Phoenix dactyliferaL.), Olive (Olea europaeaL.), and Carob (Ceratonia siliquaL.) Fruits

Functional Components of Carob Fruit: Linking the Chemical and Biological Space

Glucose‐mediated protein glycation: Contribution of methanolic extract of Ceratonia siliqua L. in protection and in vitro potential inhibition of acetylcholinesterase

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