Changes in Binge Drinking and Related Problems Among American College Students Between 1993 and 1997 Results of the Harvard School of Public Health College Alcohol Study

Wechsler, Henry; Dowdall, George W.; Maenner, Gretchen; Gledhill-Hoyt, Jeana; Lee, Hang

doi:10.1080/07448489809595621

Cited by 582 publications

(412 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…A high binge school is one of the 30 schools with the highest prevalence of binge drinking among the 116 colleges participating in the 1997 Harvard School of Public Health College Alcohol Study (CAS). Similarly, a low binge school is one of the 30 schools that were lowest in the prevalence of binge drinking (Wechsler et al, 1998). The high binge areas include strata 1 (published numbers) and 2 (unpublished).…”

Section: Sampling Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1993, the Harvard School of Public Health College Alcohol Study (CAS) found that two in five US college students were binge drinkers (Wechsler, Davenport, Dowdall, Moeykens, & Castillo, 1994) and this rate remained constant in two follow up surveys (1997 and 1999) over a 6-year period (Wechsler, Dowdall, Maenner, Gledhill-Hoyt, & Lee, 1998, 2000a. Among the problems associated with these high levels of alcohol use are what we have termed ''secondhand'' effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Secondhand effects of student alcohol use reported by neighbors of colleges: the role of alcohol outlets

Wechsler¹,

Lee²,

Hall

et al. 2002

Social Science & Medicine

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125

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This is a study of the secondhand effects of student alcohol use experienced by residents of neighborhoods near college campuses. We examined the relationship of a college's level of binge drinking and the number of alcohol outlets in the immediate area, to lowered quality of neighborhood life through such secondhand effects. Adults from 4661 households in the United States were interviewed through a stratified list-assisted random digit dialing telephone survey. The interview schedule included questions about residents' experiences of secondhand effects of alcohol use such as noise, vandalism or public disturbances. Reports about the quality of neighborhood life provided by respondents residing near colleges were compared with those of respondents who did not live near colleges; and reports of neighbors of colleges with high rates of binge drinking were compared with those of neighbors of colleges with lower rates. The presence of alcohol outlets in these areas was also compared. Residents near colleges and particularly near colleges with heavy episodic drinking reported the presence of more alcohol outlets within a mile. Those neighborhoods were characterized by lower socioeconomic status. Neighbors living near college campuses were more likely to report a lowered quality of neighborhood life through such secondhand effects of heavy alcohol use as noise and disturbances, vandalism, drunkenness, vomiting and urination. A path analysis indicated that the number of nearby alcohol outlets was an important factor mediating the relationship between colleges, especially those with high rates of binge drinking, and such secondhand effects. The results suggest that neighborhood disruptions around colleges due to heavy alcohol use may be reduced by limiting the presence of alcohol outlets in those areas, and the marketing practices that this engenders. r

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Section: Sampling Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondhand effects of student alcohol use reported by neighbors of colleges: the role of alcohol outlets

Wechsler¹,

Lee²,

Hall

et al. 2002

Social Science & Medicine

Self Cite

125

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Binge drinking is especially prevalent among college students. Since three out of five college students are regularly involved in binge drinking, it is the most serious public health problem of American colleges (Wechsler et al, 1998(Wechsler et al, , 2000.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol Hangover Effects on Memory Functioning and Vigilance Performance after an Evening of Binge Drinking

Verster

Duin

Volkerts

et al. 2002

Neuropsychopharmacol

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The impairing effects on memory functioning after acute alcohol intoxication in healthy volunteers and after chronic use in alcoholics are well established. However, research determining the next-morning effects of a single episode of binge drinking on memory functioning is scarce. A total of 48 healthy volunteers participated in a single-blind study comprising an evening (baseline) session, followed by a treatment administration (ethanol 1.4 g/kg or placebo), and a morning session. Memory was tested with a word-learning test (including immediate and delayed recall, and recognition). Further, a 45-min Mackworth clock test for measuring vigilance was included (parameters: number of hits and false alarms) and subjective alertness was assessed, to infer whether word-learning test findings reflect sedation or specific memory impairments. Delayed recall in the morning session was significantly worse in the alcohol group when compared to the placebo group (F 1,42 ¼ 6.0, po0.02). In contrast, immediate recall and recognition were unimpaired in the alcohol group. In the morning session, relative to the placebo group, subjective alertness was significantly reduced in the alcohol group before and after the tests (F 1,44 ¼ 8.7, po0.005; F 1,44 ¼ 13.3, po0.001, respectively). However, in the Mackworth clock test, the alcohol group and placebo group did not differ significantly in the morning session. The specific findings of impaired delayed recall show that memory retrieval processes are significantly impaired during alcohol hangover. Vigilance performance was not significantly affected, indicating that this memory impairment does not reflect sedation.

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“…Author manuscript; available in PMC 2010 July 7. Castillo, 1994;Wechsler, Dowdall, Maenner, Gledhill-Hoyt, & Lee, 1998;Wechsler & Nelson, 2001).Although other thresholds have been proposed (e.g., 8+ drinks, 12+ drinks; Conigrave, Saunders, & Reznik, 1995;Knupfer, 1984;Nadeau, Guyon, & Bourgault, 1998;White, Kraus, & Swartzwelder, 2006), 5 or more drinks on a single occasion has by far been the standard definition of HED. The origin of this criterion is unclear.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy episodic drinking: Determining the predictive utility of five or more drinks.

Jackson

2008

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

106

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Although the heavy episodic drinking (HED) measure of 5+ drinks (sometimes 4+ for women) is used extensively, there is no empirical basis for the designation of 5 drinks as the threshold (vs. another threshold that may perform equally). The present study sought to determine the threshold for HED that maximally predicts proximal and distal adverse-drinking-related outcomes. Participants included 115 young adults (57% female; 96% Caucasian) who partook in an 8-week Internet survey that assessed daily drinking as well as next-day hangover; 10 months later, adverse outcomes (problem drinking, alcohol-related problems, maximum number of drinks, and drug use) were surveyed. Thresholds were computed, with a range from 1+ drinks to 15+ drinks, and outcomes were predicted from each threshold. Findings for hangover measures showed relatively good convergence across multiple indicators, with greatest prediction occurring at a threshold of 10+ drinks per occasion. Different thresholds were observed for long-term outcomes, with higher thresholds indicative of outcomes with greater severity. Although alternatives to HED, such as subjective effects and blood alcohol concentration, can indicate risky drinking, a threshold measure of HED may have advantages in terms of prevention and of intervention efforts. Keywordsheavy episodic drinking; binge drinking; threshold; alcohol; measurement One of the goals of public health research is understanding the risks and the benefits associated with alcohol consumption (Gunzerath, Faden, Zakhari, & Warren, 2004). Commensurate with the recommendations of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2007), consumption of one to two drinks per day is associated with the lowest mortality risk for the adult U.S. population (Gunzerath et al., 2004). Research is increasingly showing that with regard to alcohol-associated risk, particularly among youths, drinking patterns are of greater importance than is volume consumed (generally measured as the product of frequency of consumption and of quantity consumed on a "typical" occasion). Indeed, at a given volume, less frequent heavy use is associated with greater risk of experiencing a negative outcome than is frequent light drinking (Midanik, Tam, Greenfield, & Caetano, 1996;Wechsler & Nelson, 2001). Occurrence or frequency of heavy episodic drinking (HED), which gauges heavy consumption in a short time frame (Wechsler & Nelson, 2001), has become a key metric in estimations of the prevalence of problematic alcohol involvement. Those who drink heavily on a given occasion are more likely to experience negative outcomes (e.g., injury, driving after drinking, alcohol dependence) compared with those who do not drink heavily on that occasion (e.g., Knight et al., 2003;Midanik et al., 1996;Wechsler, Davenport, Dowdall, Moeykens, & Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Kristina M. Jackson, Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Box G-S121-4, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912. Kristina_Jackson@bro...

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Changes in Binge Drinking and Related Problems Among American College Students Between 1993 and 1997 Results of the Harvard School of Public Health College Alcohol Study

Cited by 582 publications

References 11 publications

Secondhand effects of student alcohol use reported by neighbors of colleges: the role of alcohol outlets

Secondhand effects of student alcohol use reported by neighbors of colleges: the role of alcohol outlets

Alcohol Hangover Effects on Memory Functioning and Vigilance Performance after an Evening of Binge Drinking

Heavy episodic drinking: Determining the predictive utility of five or more drinks.

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