Changes in Amino Acid Metabolism of Staphylococcus aureus following Growth to the Stationary Phase under Adjusted Growth Conditions

Alreshidi, Mousa; Dunstan, Hugh; Roberts, Tim K.; Bardakçı, Fevzi; Badraoui, Riadh; Adnan, Mohd; Alreshidi, Fayez Saud; Albulaihed, Yazeed; Snoussi, Mejdi

doi:10.3390/microorganisms10081503

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…We have also identified a set of DEGs in S. aureus that are involved in various pathways, such as amino acid metabolism, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, biological adhesion, ribosomal protein, and rRNA binding, which all play a key role in ensuring the proper functioning and regulation of the biological system. Each of these processes and pathways might play a critical role in making S. aureus as a potential colonizer to the host cells ( Schoenfelder et al., 2013 ; Alreshidi et al., 2022 ; Samuel et al., 2022 ). For instance, secondary metabolites are essential for producing molecules that enable S. aureus to adhere to host cells and cause infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-culturing with Streptococcus anginosus alters Staphylococcus aureus transcriptome when exposed to tonsillar cells

Bastakoti,

Pesonen,

Ajayi

et al. 2024

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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IntroductionImproved understanding of Staphylococcus aureus throat colonization in the presence of other co-existing microbes is important for mapping S. aureus adaptation to the human throat, and recurrence of infection. Here, we explore the responses triggered by the encounter between two common throat bacteria, S. aureus and Streptococcus anginosus, to identify genes in S. aureus that are important for colonization in the presence of human tonsillar epithelial cells and S. anginosus, and further compare this transcriptome with the genes expressed in S. aureus as only bacterium.MethodsWe performed an in vitro co-culture experiment followed by RNA sequencing to identify interaction-induced transcriptional alterations and differentially expressed genes (DEGs), followed by gene enrichment analysis.Results and discussionA total of 332 and 279 significantly differentially expressed genes with p-value < 0.05 and log2 FoldChange (log2FC) ≥ |2| were identified in S. aureus after 1 h and 3 h co-culturing, respectively. Alterations in expression of various S. aureus survival factors were observed when co-cultured with S. anginosus and tonsillar cells. The serine-aspartate repeat-containing protein D (sdrD) involved in adhesion, was for example highly upregulated in S. aureus during co-culturing with S. anginosus compared to S. aureus grown in the absence of S. anginosus, especially at 3 h. Several virulence genes encoding secreted proteins were also highly upregulated only when S. aureus was co-cultured with S. anginosus and tonsillar cells, and iron does not appear to be a limiting factor in this environment. These findings may be useful for the development of interventions against S. aureus throat colonization and could be further investigated to decipher the roles of the identified genes in the host immune response in context of a throat commensal landscape.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-culturing with Streptococcus anginosus alters Staphylococcus aureus transcriptome when exposed to tonsillar cells

Bastakoti,

Pesonen,

Ajayi

et al. 2024

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…We have also identified a set of genes that are involved in various pathways, such as amino acid metabolism, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, biological adhesion, ribosomal protein, and rRNA binding which all play a key role in role in ensuring the proper functioning and regulation of the biological system. Each of these processes and pathways might play a critical role in S. aureus colonization of host cells (41)(42)(43). For instance, secondary metabolites are essential for producing molecules that enable S. aureus to adhere to host cells and cause infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-culturing with Streptococcus anginosus alters Staphylococcus aureus transcriptome when exposed to tonsillar cells

Bastakoti,

Pesonen,

Ajayi

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Improved understanding of Staphylococcus aureus throat colonization in the presence of other co-existing microbes is important for mapping S. aureus adaptation to the human throat, and recurrence of infection. Here, we explore the responses triggered by the encounter between two common throat bacteria, S. aureus and Streptococcus anginosus, in the presence of human tonsillar epithelial cells, to identify genes in S. aureus that are important for colonization competition. We performed an in vitro co-culture experiment followed by RNA sequencing to identify important pathways and biological processes affected. A total of 332 and 279 significant differentially expressed genes were identified after 1 h and 3 h post-infection, respectively. S. aureus expression of genes encoding proteins involved in adhesion, immune evasion and iron regulation or homeostasis were altered during co-culturing with S. anginosus and host cells. These findings may be useful for development of interventions against S. aureus throat colonization and could be further investigated to decipher the detailed roles of the identified genes in the host immune response in the context of a throat commensal landscape.

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“…A clinical isolate of S. aureus was used in this study [ 16 ]. The strain used in the current investigation was a clinical isolate of S. aureus from patients that had been suffering from chronic muscle pain [ 17 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significant Changes in Cytoplasmic Amino Acid Composition Occur in the Transition between Mid-Exponential and Stationary Phases of Growth of Staphylococcus aureus: An Example of Adaptive Homeostasis in Response to Nutrient Limitations

Alreshidi

Dunstan²,

Macdonald

et al. 2023

Microorganisms

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The bacterial pathogen Staphylococcus aureus causes a wide range of infections that result in high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. S. aureus is known for its capacity to survive harsh environments between hosts and certain strains are very efficient as opportunistic pathogens. It is important to understand their capacities for metabolic adaptation in response to changing environmental conditions. This investigation aimed to explore the alterations in the amino acid compositions of the cytoplasm as nutrients became limiting during the growth of S. aureus. Cells were grown under optimal growth conditions and harvested at the mid-exponential and stationary phases of growth and then extracted for the analyses of amino acids in the cytoplasm. The analyses revealed that the stationary phase cells had a significantly higher concentration of total cytoplasmic amino acids compared with cells at the mid-exponential phase and displayed substantial alterations in amino acid composition. Aspartic acid was the major amino acid in the stationary phase cells, whereas glutamic acid was the most abundant in the mid-exponential cells. The glutamic acid was reduced by 47% of its original value when the growth was extended to the stationary phase. Interestingly, certain amino acids were either absent or present depending on the phase of growth. These outcomes are in line with the premise that bacterial cells of S. aureus transition into a different form of metabolic homeostasis in the shift between the exponential and stationary phases of growth, as nutrients become depleted and waste products accumulate in the external medium. The ability of S. aureus to continually and promptly adapt to differences within growth phases may represent an essential strategy assisting its virulence as a successful opportunistic pathogen to establish infections. An understanding of the switch mechanisms controlling these obvious alterations in amino acids through the growth/life cycle of this virulent pathogen may provide novel clinical strategies to battle infection.

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Changes in Amino Acid Metabolism of Staphylococcus aureus following Growth to the Stationary Phase under Adjusted Growth Conditions

Cited by 7 publications

References 32 publications

Co-culturing with Streptococcus anginosus alters Staphylococcus aureus transcriptome when exposed to tonsillar cells

Co-culturing with Streptococcus anginosus alters Staphylococcus aureus transcriptome when exposed to tonsillar cells

Co-culturing with Streptococcus anginosus alters Staphylococcus aureus transcriptome when exposed to tonsillar cells

Significant Changes in Cytoplasmic Amino Acid Composition Occur in the Transition between Mid-Exponential and Stationary Phases of Growth of Staphylococcus aureus: An Example of Adaptive Homeostasis in Response to Nutrient Limitations

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