Changes in Age Distribution of Obesity-Associated Cancers

Koroukian, Siran M.; Dong, Weichuan; Berger, Nathan A.

doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.9261

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The prevalence of obesity has doubled since 1980, with almost one-third of the global population now classified as overweight or obese. ( Afshin et al., 2017 ; Koroukian et al., 2019 ) Obesity constitutes a significant public health issue given its adverse effect on physiological function. Compounding this, over the last decades there has also been a profound shift in the aging demographic, with a substantial increase in life expectancy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity is associated with reduced cerebral blood flow – modified by physical activity

Knight

Laird

Williamson

et al. 2021

Neurobiology of Aging

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity is associated with reduced cerebral blood flow – modified by physical activity

Knight

Laird

Williamson

et al. 2021

Neurobiology of Aging

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“…[1] Increasing childhood obesity is a matter of grave concern as it has shifted the burden of cancer to younger age groups. [5] In addition, being overweight before the age of 40 increases the risks of various ORCs by 15%. The study from Bergen (Norway) showed increased risk of cancers of the endometrium (by 70%), renal cancer in males (by 58%), and colon cancer in male (by 29%).…”

Section: Obesity-related Cancersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity-related Cancers: The Coming Epidemic

Venniyoor

2020

Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology

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The world is in the grip of an obesity pandemic, with tripling of obesity rates since 1975; it is predicted that one-third of people on Earth will be obese by 2025. The health consequences of obesity are primarily thought to be related to cardiometabolic disorders such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. It is less well appreciated that obesity has been related to at least 13 different cancers and in future, (with increasing control over tobacco misuse and infections), obesity will be the main cause of cancers. While this is an area of active research, there are large gaps in the definition of what is an obesity related cancer (JRC) and more importantly, what are the underlying mechanisms. To an extent, this is due to the controversy on what constitutes “unhealthy obesity” which is further related to the causes of obesity. This narrative review examines the causes and measurement of obesity, the types of obesity-related cancers and possible mechanisms. The information has wide implications ranging from prevention, screening, prognosis and therapeutic strategies. Obesity related cancers should be an area of high-priority research. Oncologists can contribute by spreading awareness and instituting management measures for individual patients in their care.

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“…pancreatic, prostate, and breast cancer). [8][9][10] Indeed, PA serves as energy sources for cancer growth, significantly promoting cancer cell invasiveness and metastatic potential [11][12][13] and, consistently, increased levels of PA have been observed in the plasma of cancer patients. 14 Autophagy is a lysosomal-dependent degradation process required for the maintenance of cellular and tissue homeostasis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Palmitic acid reduces the autophagic flux in hypothalamic neurons by impairing autophagosome-lysosome fusion and endolysosomal dynamics

Hernández-Cáceres

Cereceda

Hernández

et al. 2020

Molecular & Cellular Oncology

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High-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity is associated with increased cancer risk. Long-term feeding with HFD increases the concentration of the saturated fatty acid palmitic acid (PA) in the hypothalamus. We previously showed that, in hypothalamic neuronal cells, exposure to PA inhibits the autophagic flux, which is the whole autophagic process from the synthesis of the autophagosomes, up to their lysosomal fusion and degradation. However, the mechanism by which PA impairs autophagy in hypothalamic neurons remains unknown. Here, we show that PA-mediated reduction of the autophagic flux is not caused by lysosomal dysfunction, as PA treatment does not impair lysosomal pH or the activity of cathepsin B.Instead, PA dysregulates autophagy by reducing autophagosome-lysosome fusion, which correlates with the swelling of endolysosomal compartments that show areduction in their dynamics. Finally, because lysosomes undergo constant dynamic regulation by the small Rab7 GTPase, we investigated the effect of PA treatment on its activity. Interestingly, we found PA treatment altered the activity of Rab7. Altogether, these results unveil the cellular process by which PA exposure impairs the autophagic flux. As impaired autophagy in hypothalamic neurons promotes obesity, and balanced autophagy is required to inhibit malignant transformation, this could affect tumor initiation, progression, and/or response to therapy of obesity-related cancers.

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Changes in Age Distribution of Obesity-Associated Cancers

Abstract: This cross-sectional study examines temporal shifts in age distribution of obesity-associated cancers and non–obesity-associated cancers across race/ethnicity- and sex-specific strata.

Cited by 22 publications

References 38 publications

Obesity is associated with reduced cerebral blood flow – modified by physical activity

Obesity is associated with reduced cerebral blood flow – modified by physical activity

Obesity-related Cancers: The Coming Epidemic

Palmitic acid reduces the autophagic flux in hypothalamic neurons by impairing autophagosome-lysosome fusion and endolysosomal dynamics

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