Changes in admission laboratory tests in patients with maxillofacial fractures and the influence of dento‐alveolar trauma

Abstract

Background/Aim: There are few studies in the literature evaluating possible alterations in laboratory tests in patients with maxillofacial fractures. The aim of this study was to analyze the changes in admission laboratory tests of patients with maxillofacial fractures with indications for surgical treatment, including the influence of dento-alveolar trauma.Material and Methods: Data from complete blood counts, blood coagulation tests, blood chemistries, and urinalysis results were obtained. The occurrence of concomitant dento-alveolar trauma was noted. The medical records were also re-evaluated later to verify the treatment outcome and the occurrence of complications. Statistical analyses were performed using the likelihood-ratio test to verify significant changes in the evaluated parameters (P ≤ .050). Results:There was a prevalence of males (78%) with a mean age of 35.9 years. Lower erythrocyte counts, hemoglobin levels, and/or hematocrit were observed in males with associated fractures and with simultaneous dento-alveolar fractures. Higher mean neutrophil, segmented neutrophil, and lymphocyte counts were observed in patients with simultaneous dento-alveolar trauma. A higher mean activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) ratio was also observed. Lower potassium levels were observed for patients in the fourth decade of life. Higher leukocyte counts not associated with trauma were observed in the urinalysis results of females and in the group of patients aged 20 or younger. Verification of treatment outcome showed two cases of infections and two cases that needed re-operation after mandible fractures.These four cases showed no significant changes in laboratory tests regarding the predisposition for complications. Conclusion:Patients with maxillofacial fractures had neutrophilia, increased aPTT, and non-traumatic leukocyturia. There was an influence of associated fractures and dento-alveolar trauma on the decrease in red blood cell parameters, neutrophilia, and lymphocytosis and of age on hypokalemia. K E Y W O R D Sblood cell count, blood coagulation tests, chemistry, clinical, dento-alveolar trauma, maxillofacial injuries, urinalysis

Retrospective study of sports-related maxillofacial fractures in a Brazilian trauma care center

“…In the literature, the same locations are the three most prevalente; however, they have different distributions. In such studies, there was a predominance of mandible fractures 24,25 , while zygomatic complex fractures had a higher prevalence in others 19,20 . Only one study determined the predominance of nasal fractures above the other two 21 .…”

“…A male to female ratio of 12.3:1 was observed; other studies established proportions ranging from 6.6:1 to 9:1 3,8,18 . When considering various etiologies, the male to female ratio of maxillofacial trauma ranged from 2.1:1 to 4.7:1 [19][20][21]24,25 . One possibility for this result would be that in our study, the most frequent sport involved was soccer and that in Brazil and Europe, soccer is an essentially male sport, with a series of soccer-related maxillofacial fractures with almost all or nearly all patients being male 8,10,11 .…”

“…This suggests a lower mean age for sports-related trauma cases, corroborated by many studies in which the mean age of patients ranged from 18.3 to 25.0 years 8,23 . However, in maxillofacial trauma, when considering various etiologies the mean age increases, ranging from 25.5 to 40.7 years 15,20,21,25 .…”