Changed Resting-State Brain Signal in Parkinson's Patients With Mild Depression

Abstract

Background: Depression is reported to occur 5-10 years early than the onset of motor symptoms in Parkinson (PD) patients. However, markers for early diagnosis of PD in individuals with sub-clinical depression still remain to be identified.Purpose: This study utilized Regional Homogeneity (ReHo) to investigate the alterations in resting state brain activities in Parkinson (PD) patients with different degrees of depression.Methods: Twenty non-depressed PD patients, twenty mild to moderately depressed PD patients, and thirteen severely depressed PD patients were recruited. Hamilton Depression Scale (HDS) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were assessed depression. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-MRI) was analyzed with ReHo.Results: PD patients with mild to moderate depression had decreased ReHo in the left dorsal anterior cingulate cortex when compared with PD patients without depression. PD patients with severe depression exhibited increased ReHo in the left inferior prefrontal gyrus and right orbitofrontal area when compared with PD patients with mild to moderate depression. ReHo values in the bilateral supplementary motor area (SMA) in PD patients with severe depression was also increased when compared with PD patients without depression. Conclusions:This study suggests that rs-MRI with ReHo analysis can detect early changes in brain function that associate with depression in PD patients, which could be biomarkers for early diagnosis and treatment of PD related depression.

Networks Are Associated With Depression in Patients With Parkinson’s Disease: A Resting-State Imaging Study

“…The Sheng et al (2014) study with ReHo and FC methods found that PDD patients had increased regional activity in the left frontal and medial frontal gyri than had non-depressed PD patients. Our previous study found abnormal ReHo values in both the cingulate cortex and the orbitofrontal area of depressed PD patients ( Wang et al, 2020 ). Zhi et al (2019) found that the right medial frontal gyrus activation could be a biomarker for the occurrence and the severity of depression in PD.…”

“…An MMSE score >17 for illiterate participants, >20 for grade-school literate participants, and >23 for junior high school and higher education literate participants were defined as normal MMSE scores in our patients. Patients were excluded if they had a history of head injury, stroke, or other neurologic or psychiatric disease; had an abnormal MMSE score; or had any disorders that interfere assessment of the manifestations of PD ( Wang et al, 2020 ). The same exclusion criteria listed above were applied to the control group.…”

Distinct Changes in Global Brain Synchronization in Early-Onset vs. Late-Onset Parkinson Disease

“…Participants were instructed to remain relaxed with their eyes closed but without falling asleep during the scan; a foam cushion was used to reduce head movement and participants wore earplugs to minimize noise. Data preprocessing was carried out using the Resting-State fMRI Data Analysis Toolkit (RESTplus) v1.21 (Jia et al, 2019) 1 as previously described (Liao et al, 2020;Wang et al, 2020). Briefly, the first 10 time points from each subject's series were discarded; this was followed by realignment and correction for head motion (exclusion criteria: head movement >0.5 mm or angular rotation >0.5 • in any direction), co-registration between T1 and EPI images, spatial normalization to a standard Montreal Neurological Institute template, and voxel resampling to a voxel size of 3 × 3 × 3 mm 3 .…”

Full‐count PET recovery from low‐count image using a dilated convolutional neural network

“…Given that this dataset consists of a psychiatric cohort of patients with depression, quantitative analysis was conducted on ROIs relevant to the disease. ROIs used for this analysis include the hippocampus, amygdala, temporal, and frontal lobes as they have been shown to be associated with depression 40–44 . MAPE, relative to full‐count image, was the figure of merit utilized to determine the quantitative results across dNet and U‐Net and Gaussian filtering.…”

“…ROIs used for this analysis include the hippocampus, amygdala, temporal, and frontal lobes as they have been shown to be associated with depression. [40][41][42][43][44] MAPE, relative to full-count image, was the figure of merit utilized to determine the quantitative results across dNet and U-Net and Gaussian filtering.…”