Change Processes During Cognitive Bias Modification for Obsessive Compulsive Beliefs

Beadel, Jessica R.; Smyth, Frederick L.; Teachman, Bethany A.

doi:10.1007/s10608-013-9576-6

Cited by 49 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 55 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Although the ability to modify OC beliefs via CBM-I is a robust finding, the impact of this on downstream measures of behavior and symptoms has been more elusive. The current pattern of results is consistent with previous studies that have reported a non-significant trend or no difference between conditions in responding to an ICT stressor task, despite participants in the Positive condition exhibiting a greater reduction in maladaptive beliefs at post training (Beadel et al 2014;Clerkin et al 2014).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…This pattern of results is consistent with much of the broader literature on CBM-I for OCD. Several studies have demonstrated a greater reduction in OC relevant beliefs following CBM-I training for the Positive condition, compared to a Control condition (Beadel et al 2014;Clerkin et al 2014;Clerkin and Teachman 2011). Notably in the current study, the reduction in beliefs for participants in the Positive condition was greater at follow-up compared to midway.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 44%

“…Based on previous findings (Beadel et al 2014;Clerkin et al 2014;Clerkin and Teachman 2011), we predicted that compared to the Control condition, the Positive condition would report a greater reduction in selfreported ICT beliefs from baseline to follow-up. We also predicted that relative to the Control condition, the Positive condition would exhibit more adaptive responding to the ICT stressor task, characterized by lower frequency of target thoughts, less self-reported distress, fewer attempts to suppress thoughts, less urges to neutralize, and less neutralizing behaviors.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Initial studies of CBM-I with analogue samples have shown favorable trends for targeting OC biases, with several reporting significant differential changes towards more adaptive interpretation biases and beliefs for a positive condition compared to a control condition (e.g., Beadel et al 2014;Clerkin and Teachman 2011). Furthermore, participants receiving positive CBM-I have shown significantly less distress and urge to neutralize following an OC relevant thought stressor task (Clerkin and Teachman 2011;Williams and Grisham 2013).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Modifying Obsessive-Compulsive Beliefs about Controlling One’s Thoughts

Stech

Grisham

2017

J Psychopathol Behav Assess

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cognitive models of obsessive-compulsive disorder propose that beliefs about the importance of and need to control thoughts (ICT) are central to the maintenance of the disorder. Cognitive Bias Modification for Interpretation (CBM-I) can be used to experimentally test this theory and may also have clinical utility as an adjunct therapeutic tool. The current study extended previous research to investigate whether two CBM-I sessions (one within and one outside the laboratory) would augment effects on obsessive-compulsive beliefs and behavior. We randomly allocated undergraduate participants high in ICT beliefs to a Positive (n = 30) or Control (n = 36) CBM-I condition and conducted multimodal assessments immediately following the first training and at one-week follow-up. As predicted, participants in the Positive condition reported a reduction in obsessive-compulsive beliefs from baseline to follow-up (partial η 2 = .42), whereas those in the Control condition did not. Participants responded more adaptively to the ICT relevant stressor task at follow-up compared to post-intervention, but there was no significant difference between conditions. Likewise, participants reported a reduction in obsessive symptoms over time that did not differ between conditions. The findings are considered in light of cognitive models of OCD, and clinical implications are discussed.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 44%

mentioning

confidence: 98%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Modifying Obsessive-Compulsive Beliefs about Controlling One’s Thoughts

Stech

Grisham

2017

J Psychopathol Behav Assess

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, both studies applied the training to relatively unexplored samples. For example, the study by Micco et al (2014) trained depressed adolescents and young adults, whereas Beadel et al (2014) trained individuals scoring high in obsessive-compulsive beliefs. Moreover, the latter study also addressed a methodological aspect and investigated the trajectories of change processes over the course of the CBM-I training, including the assessment of cognitive and physiological responses.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Editorial for the Special Issue on Cognitive Bias Modification Techniques: An Introduction to a Time Traveller’s Tale

Woud

Becker

2014

Cogn Ther Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

At the time of writing (December, 2013), a search for cognitive bias modification (CBM) in SCOPUS yields 113 results. Tellingly, the earliest of the articles found by this rather crude search appear in 2009, clustering around the special issue on CBM in the Journal of Abnormal Psychology that year (Koster et al. 2009). While the term CBM had been used in the literature prior to this, and in fact research into CBM (albeit not always using this exact term) had been steadily gathering momentum since the first studies were published in 2000, there has clearly been an explosion in research on CBM in the years since. What has happened in this period? Over the past 4 years, CBM research has been on an exciting journey, with many twists and turns, ups and downs. This special issue seeks to provide an overview of this journey, and a glimpse of the road-or roads-ahead. But where to begin? The journey did not start in 2009, nor even a decade earlier when the dominant CBM paradigms were first described. To fully make sense of this journey, and all the twists in this travellers' tale, we must go back further still.Once upon a time … during the cognitive era of psychology … researchers embarked on the great adventure of exploring the 'cognitive landscape' of emotional pathology … an extremely challenging landscape…. After a few years, the first landmarks were established: cognitive biases in emotional disorders. But what did they signify? It seemed that such selective information-processing biases were crucial factors in the etiology, maintenance, and relapse of various types of emotional disorders. Hence, many cognitive theories built on this discovery in order to account for emotional pathology (e. Cognitive biases reflect a general processing advantage for disorder-relevant information. The findings of cognitive-experimental research indicate that emotional disorders are (roughly) characterized by three types of biases, i.e., biases in attention, interpretation, and memory. To illustrate, depressed or anxious individuals are, compared to healthy individuals, more likely to attend to negative cues, interpret ambiguity in a more negative manner, and selectively recall negative information (for a review, see Mathews and MacLeod 2005). According to the assumptions put forward by cognitive theories, the functional relationship between biases and emotional pathology can be described as follows: Biases are accompanied by various dysfunctional cognitions, which in turn activate dysfunctional emotional and behavioral responses. Due to the reinforcing connection between cognitions, emotions, and behavior, a 'psychopathological downward spiral' becomes activated in vulnerable individuals, possibly resulting in anxiety-or depression-related symptoms.In parallel to the development of measures to assess biases in attention, interpretation, and memory, researchers started to investigate whether it is also possible to modify biased cognitive processes. This work was motivated by the question of the causal nature of these biases: while the...

show abstract

Cognitive Bias Modification in Mental

Reuland

Steinman

Teachman

2015

Emerging Trends in the Social and Behavioral Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cognitive biases refer to a tendency to favor a particular way of processing information, such as habitually attending to threatening information in the environment, or interpreting ambiguous information in a negative way. Importantly, cognitive biases are linked to a number of emotional problems, such as anxiety and depression, raising the question of whether altering cognitive biases could relieve the symptoms of these disorders. Cognitive bias modification (CBM) refers to a group of interventions typically delivered via computer that alter cognitive biases through repeated practice in processing information in a healthy way (e.g., learning to attend to neutral, rather than threatening, cues). Some research suggests that CBM can ameliorate symptoms of mental illness and reduce emotional vulnerability to stressors. Moreover, CBM's computerized format offers a potentially cost‐effective option for wide dissemination, which could prevent and reduce the public health burden of mental illness. At the same time, mixed research findings suggest more research is needed before CBM can be considered a frontline treatment for psychopathology. The current essay describes CBM's theoretical framework, reviews the CBM outcome literature, and explores key questions for future research, such as how CBM works, for whom it works best, and optimal delivery conditions.

show abstract

Change Processes During Cognitive Bias Modification for Obsessive Compulsive Beliefs

Cited by 49 publications

References 55 publications

Modifying Obsessive-Compulsive Beliefs about Controlling One’s Thoughts

Modifying Obsessive-Compulsive Beliefs about Controlling One’s Thoughts

Editorial for the Special Issue on Cognitive Bias Modification Techniques: An Introduction to a Time Traveller’s Tale

Cognitive Bias Modification in Mental

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About