Change of water redox potential, pH and rH in contact with magnesium enriched kaolinite–bentonite ceramics

New Composite Materials in the Technology for Drinking Water Purification from Ionic and Colloidal Pollutants

“…Namely, the polycrystaline alumosilicate matrix with amorphised grain and sub-grain boundary were obtained, where a main role possesses metallic aluminum itself, then a microalloyed tin and nonstoichiometric excess of these elements in ceramics, creating macro-, meso-and micro-pores with the reduced mobility of grain boundaries and termination of grain growth [47]. Aluminum and tin in conjunction with other admixtures present in composite ceramics cause drastic changes in the structure-sensitive properties and electrochemical activity.…”

“…During the interaction with water, aluminium from the composite is electrochemically dissolved into water providing electrons which can participate in the number of redox reactions of water yielding reduced species (molecules, ions and radicals) such as H2, OH  , etc. [47].…”

Geopolymer/CeO2 as Solid Electrolyte for IT-SOFC

“…A similar observation was reported by Ogundiran and Kumar [52] for metakaolin alkali sodium silicate geopolymers. Since active geopolymers have dominant amorphous microstructures and micromorphologies with perturbed crystal structures, adding elements leads to the formation of some active centers and potential barriers [21,24]. Therefore, the incorporation of CeO 2 in micro and mesopores enables obtaining geopolymers-CeO 2 with active local places in the form of a new solid phase.…”

“…In the geopolymer materials, water molecules and hydroxyl groups are the most important factors that influence the electrical conductivity and dielectric property at room temperature, but this effect can be eliminated if the geopolymer materials are treated at high temperature, as shown in the investigation of Cui et al [19]. In addition, the modification of aluminosilicate ceramics by adding some elements, such as Mg in small amounts, leads to a highly developed specific area (microcrystalline and amorphous regions of stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric oxides), with certain porosity in form of highly developed metallized surfaces [21]. Adding elements such as Mg, Ni, Ti, or graphite, in small amounts, allows the deposition of the micro and nanostructured films and clusters, which play an essential role in ion-electron processes and microgalvanic couples, through which the transport of charges and conductivity is carried out [21][22][23].…”

“…In addition, the modification of aluminosilicate ceramics by adding some elements, such as Mg in small amounts, leads to a highly developed specific area (microcrystalline and amorphous regions of stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric oxides), with certain porosity in form of highly developed metallized surfaces [21]. Adding elements such as Mg, Ni, Ti, or graphite, in small amounts, allows the deposition of the micro and nanostructured films and clusters, which play an essential role in ion-electron processes and microgalvanic couples, through which the transport of charges and conductivity is carried out [21][22][23]. This modification process enables obtaining structurally modified multifunctional materials with electrochemical and electrophysical activities [22,23].…”