Change of Alkaloid Composition and Acute Toxicity of Aconitum Roots during Processing

Hara, Hiroshi; Yamada, Chizuko; Nakamura, Kazuko; Sato, Hiroshi; Ohizumi, Yasushi; Endo, Katsuya

doi:10.1248/yakushi1947.97.4_359

Cited by 66 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It is thought that some of these efficacies depend on bushi diester alkaloid (BDA). However, BDA is highly toxic, and the LD 50 of raw Aconitum carmichaeli Debeaux for oral administration in mice was reported to be 1.61-5.49 g/kg [1]. Therefore, only processed aconite root is regulated in the 14th edition supplement of the Japanese Pharmacopoeia [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between growth of the aerial part and alkaloid content variation in cultivated Aconitum carmichaeli Debeaux

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Processed root of aconite, Aconitum carmichaeli Debeaux--known as bushi in Japan--is indispensable for treating diseases among elderly persons in Japanese and Chinese traditional medicine. Its active component is bushi diester alkaloid (BDA), which consists of aconitine (ACO), mesaconitine (MES), hypaconitine (HYP), and jesaconitine (JES). Since an overdose of BDA results in severe side effects, the BDA content should be within safe limits. However, the BDA content of raw aconite root, even that produced by standard cultivation procedures, varies greatly. In this study, to clarify the cause of BDA variation, we examined the weight and BDA content of each part of cultivated A. carmichaeli: the aerial part, the mother tuberous root (MT), the daughter tuberous root (DT), and the rootlet (RL). We found the following positive relationships: between aerial part weight and DT weight, aerial part weight and BDA content in stem of apex, and BDA content in stem of apex and total BDA of DT attached to the plant. Furthermore, DT belonging to a higher weight group showed less BDA content variation. In addition, BDA of DT and those of MT and RL differ in both content and composition. In conclusion, it was suggested that the weight or the size of the aerial part was a good marker for monitoring BDA content and its variation in the tuberous root, and it was found to be desirable to prevent mixing MT and RL at harvest.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between growth of the aerial part and alkaloid content variation in cultivated Aconitum carmichaeli Debeaux

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The former is highly toxic because of its high content of DAs. Hikino et al [2] reported that LD50s to mice by oral administration of the raw tuberous root of A. carmichaeli are 1.61 g/kg (collected in Hokkaido, Japan) and 5.49 g/kg (collected in China), although the severity of toxicity in this type varies widely depending on the production region and the time of collection. Thus, prior to medicinal use, the tuberous root of Aconitum plants is generally processed by heating, immersing in salt (sodium chloride) solution, or coating with hydrated lime to attenuate the toxicity and control the medicinal effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1966, however, the monograph was deleted in the revised version of the JP7, probably because of this crude drug's ambiguous toxicity [10]. Then a variety of studies were performed on component characteristics and quality evaluation of both the raw and processed types of the crude drugs because of the medicinal importance of the tuberous root as a crude drug [2,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Subsequently, in 2004, Processed Aconite Root (PAR) was newly adopted in Supplement II of the JP14, with strict control of the DAs by a purity test [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the taste of crude drug and Kampo formula by a taste-sensing system (4): taste of Processed Aconite Root

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

It is difficult to describe the taste of Processed Aconite Root (PAR) because it contains toxic compounds, and tasting poses some risk to the examiner. Therefore, there is no description of the taste of PAR in the latest Japanese Pharmacopoeia, although the taste of crude drugs has been regulated as a criterion for judgment. In this study, we revealed the objective taste of PAR by using a taste-sensing system. The PAR samples examined were classified into four types by how the samples were processed: PAR1 processed by autoclaving; PAR2-a processed by autoclaving after rinsing in salt (sodium chloride) solution; PAR2-h processed by heating after rinsing in calcium chloride solution; PAR3 processed by treating with hydrated lime after rinsing in salt solution. The most characteristic taste factor of PAR is an aftertaste of cationic bitterness, which was detected in all PAR sample solutions, even at the concentration of 0.1 mg/ml. In addition, anionic bitterness and saltiness were detected in all sample solutions at 1 mg/ml. Furthermore, umami was detected in the PAR1, PAR2-a, and PAR3 sample solutions at 1 mg/ml. Detailing the analyses of the four taste factors on the four sample types, we found each type has its own characteristic taste pattern. On the basis of these results, we proposed a method for discriminating one PAR type from another by using the system.

show abstract

“…In order to evaluate the therapeutic effect of the crude drug, we have first examined the quality (the alkaloid content and composition as well as the toxicity) if some raw materials and their processed preparations, thereby clarifying the changes of these parameters during processing; processing of raw roots has been shown to cause hydrolysis of the highly poisonous constituents, the aconitines, to their deacetyl derivatives, the benzoylaconines, resulting in reduction of the acute toxicity of the roots (Hikino et al 1977). We have further investigated the pharmacological actions of some Aconitum roots (raw and processed) which are more directly related to their clinical efficacy and, in connection with them, have also examined in parallel those of the most famous principle, aconitine, and its analog benzoylaconine.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the main congeners of the aconitine alkaloids in the Aconitum roots which are utilized in Japan are now known to be not aconitine but mesaconitine and hypaconitine (Hikino et al 1977). Thus, no systematic survey on the phar macological actions of these aconitine alkaloids with a sufficient purity has been performed.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacological actions of aconitine alkaloids.

Sato

Yamada

Konno

et al. 1979

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Change of Alkaloid Composition and Acute Toxicity of Aconitum Roots during Processing

Cited by 66 publications

References 0 publications

The relationship between growth of the aerial part and alkaloid content variation in cultivated Aconitum carmichaeli Debeaux

The relationship between growth of the aerial part and alkaloid content variation in cultivated Aconitum carmichaeli Debeaux

Evaluation of the taste of crude drug and Kampo formula by a taste-sensing system (4): taste of Processed Aconite Root

Pharmacological actions of aconitine alkaloids.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About