Change in β-glucosidase activity in root zone of ferns under toxic elements soil contamination

Abstract

Soil contamination with toxic elements affects soil microbiology and causes changes in the interactions between plants and microorganisms. It also significantly affects soil characteristics, plant growth, vegetation type, and agricultural land production (Wahsha et al. 2017, Zeng et al. 2019, Aponte et al. 2020a, Majumder et al. 2022. The accumulation of toxic elements by plants results in entry into the food chain, which then becomes hazardous to human health (Pande et al. 2022).Soil enzymes produced extracellularly by microorganisms are key participants in soil nutrient cycles and functional sustainability. They are sensitive to changes in the soil environment, such as contamination by toxic elements (Wahsha et al. 2017, Nkongolo and Narendrula-Kotha 2020, Cui et al. 2021, Majumder et al. 2022. Due to these characteristics, they can be used as biological indicators for evaluating soil health (Aponte et al. 2020b, Skowrońska et al. 2020.The mineralisation of carbon (C) in the soil is crucial for soil quality, as it increases soil fertility. However, this is influenced by plant root exudation, microbial activities, and soil pH (Yu et al. 2021). The zone of plant roots also influences the activity and

Response of Carrot (Daucus carota L.) to Multi-Contaminated Soil from Historic Mining and Smelting Activities

“…Fluorescence was measured after each incubation using the tecan Infinite ® M200 (Tecan Austria GmbH, Salzburg, Austria). Enzymatic activity was calculated from the difference between the initial and final values (µmol/h/g) [118].…”