Change in plasma levels of vitamin D after consumption of cod-liver and fresh cod-liver oil as part of the traditional north Norwegian fish dish “Molje”

Brustad, Magritt; Sandanger, Torkjel M.; Wilsgaard, Tom; Aksnes, Lage; Lund, Eiliv

doi:10.3402/ijch.v62i1.17527

Cited by 25 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…It has been suggested that this pattern of supplement use demonstrates a gap between possible need and actual use (Bristow et al, 1997). Cod-liver oil was, historically an important source of fat-soluble vitamins in particular vitamin D, especially for people living in the coastal areas (Kloster, 1931;Brustad et al, 2003). Our findings suggest that the pattern of use today is associated with factors other than dietary needs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Predictors for cod-liver oil supplement use — the Norwegian Women and Cancer Study

2003

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Objective: To assess the use of cod-liver oil supplements among Norwegian women and to examine dietary, lifestyle, demographic, and health factors associated with use of this supplement. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting and subjects: The study is based on data from a food frequency questionnaire from 1998 answered by 37 226 women aged 41-55 y, who in 1991/1992 participated in the Norwegian component of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). The Norwegian EPIC cohort was based on a random nation-wide sample of Norwegian women. Results: Cod-liver oil supplement use was reported by 44.7% of the participating women. Subjects with higher education, high physical activity level, and body mass index (BMI) in the normal range were more likely to use cod-liver oil supplements. Consumption did also increase with increased age as well as with increased reported consumption of fruits, vegetables, fatty fish, lean fish, and vitamin D (excluding the vitamin D contribution from cod-liver oil). Energy intake was higher among cod-liver oil users than nonusers. Whole-year daily users of cod-liver oil were also more likely to take other dietary supplements (OR ¼ 2.45, 95% CI: 2.28-2.62). Never smokers were more likely to use cod-liver oil supplements than current smokers. Conclusion: Use of cod-liver oil is associated with several sociodemographic factors, self-reported health issues, and intake of fish, fruit, and vegetables. When assessing the relationship between cod-liver oil use and occurrence of chronic diseases potential confounders need to be considered. Cod-liver oil use seemed not to be matched with vitamin D needs. Thus, emphasis on assessing vitamin D status by measuring levels in blood should be investigated further, in particular, among people living in northern latitudes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Predictors for cod-liver oil supplement use — the Norwegian Women and Cancer Study

2003

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“…Even a single meal of "Mølje" increases the levels of plasma 25(OH)D 3 . In addition, consumption of cod-liver oil as a supplementary vitamin D source plays a beneficial role by significantly increasing levels of plasma 25(OH)D 3 (75,76). Surprisingly, in one study, serum 25(OH)D 3 concentrations among postmenopausal women in different European countries were higher in northern Europe when compared with countries in southern Europe (77).…”

Section: Vitamin D and Living In Northern Latitudesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Vitamin D and living in northern latitudes—an endemic risk area for vitamin D deficiency

Huotari

Herzig

2008

International Journal of Circumpolar Health

114

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Objectives. To review the current literature on the health effects of vitamin D, especially the effects on inhabitants living in the northern latitudes. Study Design. Literature review. Methods. The scientific literature concerning health effects of vitamin D was reviewed and the current dietary recommendations for inhabitants living in northern latitudes were discussed. Results. Vitamin D is a steroid-structured hormone produced in the skin upon exposure to UVBradiation or obtained from certain food products (for example, liver). Its production is mediated by the vitamin D receptor, which belongs to the nuclear receptor family, and exerts its function as a transcription factor regulating several target genes. Active metabolites of vitamin D play an important role in calcium and phosphate homeostasis. Deficiency of vitamin D results in diminished bone mineralization and an increased risk of fractures. In addition, vitamin D is connected to a variety of other diseases that include different cancer types, muscular weakness, hypertension, autoimmune diseases, multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, schizophrenia and depression. Conclusions. Vitamin D plays a fundamental role in calcium and phosphate homeostasis. A deficiency of vitamin D has been attributed to several diseases. Since its production in the skin depends on exposure to UVB-radiation via the sunlight, the level of vitamin D is of crucial importance for the health of inhabitants who live in the Nordic latitudes where there is diminished exposure to sunlight during the winter season. Therefore, fortification or supplementation of vitamin D is necessary for most of the people living in the northern latitudes during the winter season to maintain adequate levels of circulating 25(OH)D 3 to maintain optimal body function and prevent diseases.

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“…Vitamin D supplement use is well known to influence 25(OH)D levels in blood, particularly when sun exposure is limited (Davies et al, 1999;Brustad et al, 2003). Increasing the intake of vitamin D supplements or vitamin D containing foods may thus be a possible means of reducing the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and predictors of vitamin D deficiency in five immigrant groups living in Oslo, Norway: the Oslo Immigrant Health Study

et al. 2004

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Change in plasma levels of vitamin D after consumption of cod-liver and fresh cod-liver oil as part of the traditional north Norwegian fish dish “Molje”

Cited by 25 publications

References 28 publications

Predictors for cod-liver oil supplement use — the Norwegian Women and Cancer Study

Predictors for cod-liver oil supplement use — the Norwegian Women and Cancer Study

Vitamin D and living in northern latitudes—an endemic risk area for vitamin D deficiency

Prevalence and predictors of vitamin D deficiency in five immigrant groups living in Oslo, Norway: the Oslo Immigrant Health Study

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