Change in Overweight from Childhood to Early Adulthood and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes

Bjerregaard, Lise G.; Jensen, Britt W.; Ängquist, Lars; Osler, Merete; Sørensen, Thorkild I A

doi:10.1056/nejmoa1713231

Cited by 300 publications

(255 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Modelling of growth trajectories from childhood has suggested that the majority of children in the United States (57%) will be obese by the age of 35 (Ward et al, ), with half of this projection being established in childhood. However, a recent longitudinal analysis of over 62,000 men living in Denmark suggested that the adverse long‐term health effects of childhood overweight can be reversed if weight is normalised prior to puberty (Bjerregaard et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can antenatal diet and lifestyle interventions influence childhood obesity? A systematic review

Dalrymple

Martyni-Orenowicz

Flynn

et al. 2018

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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Evidence suggests that adverse nutritional exposures during in utero development may contribute to heightened risk of obesity in childhood. Pregnancy offers the opportunity to modify the intrauterine environment by manipulation of diet and/or physical activity, which may result in favourable health benefits for the child. The objective of this systematic review was to determine whether antenatal lifestyle interventions in pregnant women, aimed at modifying diet and/or physical activity, and lead to a reduction in measures of offspring obesity in early childhood. Three electronic databases were searched from January 1990 to July 2017 for antenatal interventions with subsequent offspring follow-up publications. Eight trials were identified. Five trials included women from all body mass index categories, and 3 trials included obese women only. Children in the offspring follow-up studies were aged 6 months to 7 years. Measures of adiposity in the offspring (n = 1989) included weight, body mass index, z-scores, circumferences, and skinfold thicknesses. Two studies, focusing on obese women only, reported reduced measures of adiposity (subscapular skinfold thickness and weight-for-age z-score) at 6 and 12 months, respectively. The remaining 6 studies, two from infancy and 4 in early childhood found no effect on measures of adiposity. Measures of obesity up to 12 months of age have been shown to be reduced by antenatal lifestyle interventions during pregnancy in obese women. Due to the heterogeneity of the methodology of the antenatal interventions and the reported offspring outcomes we were unable to draw any conclusion on the influence of antenatal interventions on measures of obesity in early childhood.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can antenatal diet and lifestyle interventions influence childhood obesity? A systematic review

Dalrymple

Martyni-Orenowicz

Flynn

et al. 2018

Maternal & Child Nutrition

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At present, nearly 23% of children throughout the world are either overweight or obese . Childhood obesity is the strongest predictor of adult obesity which accelerates onset of diseases including cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, and multiple types of cancer . In developed countries where nutrition is bountiful and death rates from infectious diseases are low, an increase in weight in childhood provides only a few benefits in protecting against infection .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reuniting overnutrition and undernutrition, macronutrients, and micronutrients

Kim

Basharat

Ramakrishnan

et al. 2018

Diabetes Metabolism Res

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Over-nutrition and its late consequences are a dominant theme in medicine today. In addition to the health hazards brought on by over-nutrition, the medical community has recently accumulated a roster of health benefits with obesity, grouped under "obesity paradox." Throughout the world and throughout history until the 20 century, under-nutrition was a dominant evolutionary force. Under-nutrition brings with it a mix of benefits and detriments that are opposite to and continuous with those of over-nutrition. This continuum yields J-shaped or U-shaped curves relating body mass index to mortality. The overweight have an elevated risk of dying in middle age of degenerative diseases while the underweight are at increased risk of premature death from infectious conditions. Micronutrient deficiencies, major concerns of nutritional science in the 20 century, are being neglected. This "hidden hunger" is now surprisingly prevalent in all weight groups, even among the overweight. Because micronutrient replacement is safe, inexpensive, and predictably effective, it is now an exceptionally attractive target for therapy across the spectrum of weight and age. Nutrition-related conditions worthy of special attention from caregivers include excess vitamin A, excess vitamin D, and deficiency of magnesium.

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“…During puberty, body size and fat distribution change dramatically. It is shown that overweight, especially during puberty, modifies the risk of type 2 diabetes in adulthood, while normalization of BMI before puberty may reduce this risk …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic risk score predicts risk for overweight and obesity in Finnish preadolescents

et al. 2019

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Summary Common genetic variants predispose to obesity with varying contribution by age. We incorporated known genetic variants into genetic risk scores (GRSs) and investigated their associations with overweight/obesity and central obesity in preadolescents. Furthermore, we compared GRSs with lifestyle factors, and tested if they predict the change in body size and shape in a 4‐year follow‐up. We utilized 1142 subjects from the Finnish Health in Teens (Fin‐HIT) cohort. Overweight and obesity were defined with age‐ and gender‐specific body mass index (BMI) z‐score (BMIz), while central obesity by the waist‐to‐height ratio (WHtR). Background data on parental language, eating habits, leisure‐time physical activity (LTPA) and sleep duration were included. Genotyping was performed with the Metabochip platform. Weighted, standardized GRSs were derived. Of the11‐year‐old children, 25.5% were at least overweight and 90.8% had Finnish speaking background. BMI‐GRS was associated with higher risk for overweight with odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 1.39 (1.20; 1.60) and obesity 1.41 (1.08; 1.83), but not with central obesity. BMI‐GRS was weakly and inversely associated with the changes in BMIz and WHtR in the 4‐year follow‐up. Waist‐to‐hip ratio‐GRS was not related to any obesity measures at baseline nor in the follow‐up. The effect of BMI‐GRS is similar to that of low LTPA on overweight. An interaction between parental language and BMI‐GRS was noted (P = .019): BMI‐GRS associated more strongly with overweight in Swedish than in Finnish speakers. We further identified two suggestive genetic variants near LOC101926977 and LOC105369677 associated with BMIz in preadolescents which were replicated in the adult population. In preadolescents, known genetic predisposing factors induce a risk for overweight comparable to low LTPA. However, the GRS was poor in predicting short‐term changes in BMI or WHtR.

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Change in Overweight from Childhood to Early Adulthood and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract: Childhood overweight at 7 years of age was associated with increased risks of adult type 2 diabetes only if it continued until puberty or later ages. (Funded by the European Union.).

Cited by 300 publications

References 30 publications

Can antenatal diet and lifestyle interventions influence childhood obesity? A systematic review

Can antenatal diet and lifestyle interventions influence childhood obesity? A systematic review

Reuniting overnutrition and undernutrition, macronutrients, and micronutrients

Genetic risk score predicts risk for overweight and obesity in Finnish preadolescents

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