Change in nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae resulting from antibiotic therapy for acute otitis media in children

Cohen, Robert; Bingen, Édouard; Varon, Emmanuelle; F, de La Rocque; Brahimi, N.; Lévy, Corinne; Boucherat, M.; Langue, J.; Geslin, P.

doi:10.1097/00006454-199706000-00004

Cited by 100 publications

(59 citation statements)

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“…A antibioticoterapia prévia pode aumentar o índice de isolamento de pneumococos resistentes à penicilina da nasofaringe 10 . Esse fato talvez possa explicar a alta prevalência de amostras de pneumococos resistentes à penicilina evidenciada em nosso estudo, pois 82 (39%) das 212 crianças tinham sido tratadas com antimicrobiano no mês anterior ao estudo.…”

Section: Tabela 3 -Perfil Da Multirresistência De Nove Amostras De Stunclassified

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High prevalence of children colonized with penicillin-resistant <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> in public day-care centers

et al. 2009

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Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococci) in the nasopharynx of healthy children enrolled in public day-care centers of the municipality of Umuarama, state of Paraná, Brazil. The susceptibility of the pneumococcal strains to antimicrobial agents was also studied.Methods: Nasopharyngeal specimens from 212 children were collected from April to October 2008. After the specimens were seeded in blood agar and incubated at 37 °C for 24-48 hours, the colonies suspected of belonging to S. pneumoniae were identified using α-hemolysis, optochin sensitivity, and bile solubility test. Penicillin susceptibility was investigated using the disk diffusion and dilution tests. Susceptibility to the other antimicrobial agents indicated for the treatment of pneumococcal infections was investigated using the disk diffusion test. Results:The prevalence of nasopharyngeal pneumococci was 43.4% (92/212), with higher rates in children between 2 and 5 years old (p = 0.0005). There was no significant difference between sexes. Intermediate and full resistance to penicillin were found in 34.8 (32/92) and 22.8% (21/92) isolates, respectively. Sixty-seven strains (72.8%) were resistant to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, eight (8.7%) were resistant to erythromycin, and six (6.5%) to tetracycline. One strain was resistant to clindamycin (1.1%) and another was resistant to chloramphenicol (1.1%). All strains were sensitive to levofloxacin, ofloxacin, rifampicin, telithromycin, linezolid, and vancomycin. Nine strains were considered multiresistant because they were resistant to three or more classes of antimicrobial agents. Conclusions:The present study detected a high prevalence of healthy children colonized with penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae strains who may be important reservoirs of this pathogen in the community.J Pediatr (Rio J). 2009;85(6): 516-522: Streptococcus pneumoniae, nasopharynx, healthy carriers, penicillin resistance. ResumoObjetivos: Investigar a prevalência de Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococos) na nasofaringe de crianças sadias atendidas em creches municipais da cidade de Umuarama (PR). Avaliar a susceptibilidade aos antimicrobianos dos pneumococos isolados.Métodos: Secreção da nasofaringe de 212 crianças foi coletada no período de abril a outubro de 2008. Após semeadura dos espécimes em ágar sangue e incubação a 37 °C por 24-48 horas, as colônias suspeitas de pertencerem a S. pneumoniae foram identificadas pela α-hemóli-se, sensibilidade à optoquina e bile solubilidade. A susceptibilidade à penicilina foi investigada pelos testes de disco-difusão e de diluição. A susceptibilidade aos demais antimicrobianos indicados no tratamento das infecções pneumocócicas foi realizada por disco-difusão.Resultados: A prevalência de pneumococos na nasofaringe foi de 43,4% (92/212), sendo maior em crianças com idade entre 2 e 5 anos (p = 0,0005). Não houve diferença significativa entre os sexos. Resistência intermediária e resistência plena à penicilina foram encontradas respectivamente e...

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Section: Tabela 3 -Perfil Da Multirresistência De Nove Amostras De Stunclassified

“…As crianças, por apresentarem elevado índice de colonização, assumem papel importante na disseminação horizontal deste patógeno na comunidade 3 . Pelo uso frequente de antimicrobianos na infância, este grupo de portadores representa um importante reservatório de cepas resistentes 2,4,10,11 .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

High prevalence of children colonized with penicillin-resistant <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> in public day-care centers

et al. 2009

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“…В Финляндии отмечено некоторое снижение заболеваемости у детей в возрасте 1-5 лет, однако в целом в популяции сдвигов по заболеваемости ИПИ не отмечено [65]. В Новой Зеландии имело место повышение частоты ИПИ, вызванных серотипами 7F и 19А, в возрастных группах старше 2 лет [30,31].…”

Section: эффективность пневмококковых конъюгированных вакцин в отношеunclassified

“…ПКВ13 продемонстрировала значимую клиническую эффективность по снижению серотипспецифического носительства пневмококка в носоглотке как у здоровых детей, так и у пациентов с ОСО: статистически достовер-ное снижение носительства серотипов 1, 6А, 7F, 19А, 19F и серотипа 6С (хотя серотип 6С не входит в состав ПКВ13, однако он обладает перекрестной реактивностью с серо-типом 6А) [65][66][67][68].…”

Section: эффективность пневмококковых конъюгированных вакцин в отношеunclassified

Next Generation Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines Efficacy and Effectiveness in Different Regions of the World

Ковтун¹,

Романенко²

2014

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Уральский государственный медицинский университет, Екатеринбург, Российская ФедерацияПриводится обзор последних публикаций и текстов докладов по клиническим исследованиям и данным эффектив-ности применения 10-и 13-валентной пневмококковых конъюгированных вакцин (ПКВ10 и 13)

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“…Pela sua praticidade, a vigilância de pneumococos colonizando a nasofaringe em crianças tem sido realizada, por exemplo, em epidemia de pneumococos resistentes na África do Sul 5 (32 a 45% de resistência à penicilina), no Paquistão 6 (7-14% resistentes à penicilina), em grupos de crianças com alta resistência de Taiwan 7 (71% de resistentes), mas também em contingentes menores, como surtos de infecção por pneumococos resistentes em creches [8][9][10][11] .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Nasopharyngeal S. pneumoniae isolates from healthy carriers and children with pneumonia: colonization rates and antimicrobial susceptibility

Rey¹,

Wolf²,

Luciano³

et al. 2002

J Pediatr (Rio J)

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ResumoObjetivos: comparar as taxas de colonização e a resistência antimicrobiana de pneumococos em nasofaringe de crianças sadias e com pneumonia.Métodos: estudo de tipo transversal. As crianças sadias foram recrutadas em centros de vacinação (CV) e creches públicas (CP), selecionados aleatoriamente, e aquelas com pneumonia em emergências pediátricas. Foram utilizados swabs flexíveis de alginato para a colheita do material de nasofaringe. O isolamento e a identificação dos pneumococos seguiram procedimentos padronizados. As concentrações inibitórias mínimas (CIM) foram determinadas por microdiluição em placas.Resultados: foram estudadas 911 crianças, 429 sadias (60% portadoras de pneumococo, sendo 72% destas recrutadas em CP e 49% em CV) e 482 com pneumonia (50% de portadoras) (p=0,002). De 441 isolados com CIM determinadas, 198 (45%) apresentavam resistência intermediária, e 16 (4%) apresentavam resistência plena à penicilina. As taxas de resistência dos pneumococos isolados de portadores sadios e com pneumonia, respectivamente, foram: penicilina 48% (CV 37% e CP 55%) e 50% (p>0,05); eritromicina: 28% e 19% (p=0,05); cotrimoxazol 81% e 76% (p>0,05); cloranfenicol 6% e 7% (p>0,05), rifampicina 5% e 3% (p>0,05), ceftriaxone 2 e 4% (p>0,05) e vancomicina 0%, para ambos grupos. Foi constatada associação entre as resistências do pneumococo à penicilina, eritromicina e ao cotrimoxazol.Conclusões: a taxa de portador de pneumococos foi maior em crianças sadias do que naquelas com pneumonia. As resistências dos pneumococos à penicilina e ao cotrimoxazol foram elevadas, sobretudo entre os usuários de creches públicas. AbstractObjectives: to compare colonization rates and antimicrobial resistance of nasopharyngeal pneumococci in healthy carriers and children with pneumonia.Methods: a cross-sectional study. Healthy subjects of this study were selected from randomly chosen immunization centers and daycare centers, and those with pneumonia were selected in pediatric emergency rooms. Flexible pernasal alginate swabs were employed to collect nasopharyngeal pneumococci specimens. Isolation and identification were performed according to standard procedures. Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations were assessed by microdilution techniques.Results: we studied 911 children, 429 healthy controls (60% of carriers, 72% attending day care centers and 49% recruited in immunization centers) and 482 children with pneumonia (50% of carriers) (P=0.02). The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of penicillin to 441 isolates detected 198 (45%) of intermediate and 16 (4%) fully resistant pneumococci. Antimicrobial resistance rates of isolates from healthy carriers and children with pneumonia were, respectively: penicillin 48% (37% for immunization centers and 55% for day-care centers) and 50% (P>0.05), erythromycin 28% and 19% (P=0.05); cotrimoxazole 81% and 76% (P>0.05), chloramphenicol 6% and 7% (P>0.05), rifampin 5 and 3% (P>0.05) ceftriaxone 2 and 4% (P>0.05) and vancomycin 0% in both groups. An association among pneumococcal resistance to penicilli...

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Change in nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae resulting from antibiotic therapy for acute otitis media in children

Cited by 100 publications

References 23 publications

High prevalence of children colonized with penicillin-resistant <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> in public day-care centers

High prevalence of children colonized with penicillin-resistant <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> in public day-care centers

Next Generation Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines Efficacy and Effectiveness in Different Regions of the World

Nasopharyngeal S. pneumoniae isolates from healthy carriers and children with pneumonia: colonization rates and antimicrobial susceptibility

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Change in nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae resulting from antibiotic therapy for acute otitis media in children

Cited by 100 publications

References 23 publications

High prevalence of children colonized with penicillin-resistant &lt;i&gt;Streptococcus pneumoniae&lt;/i&gt; in public day-care centers

High prevalence of children colonized with penicillin-resistant &lt;i&gt;Streptococcus pneumoniae&lt;/i&gt; in public day-care centers

Next Generation Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines Efficacy and Effectiveness in Different Regions of the World

Nasopharyngeal S. pneumoniae isolates from healthy carriers and children with pneumonia: colonization rates and antimicrobial susceptibility

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High prevalence of children colonized with penicillin-resistant <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> in public day-care centers

High prevalence of children colonized with penicillin-resistant <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> in public day-care centers