Change in Mutagenic Activity of Genistein after a Nitrite Treatment

Masuda, S.; Shimamura, Yuko; Kato, Tatsuya; Tan, Yong; Iwamoto, Kaoru; Kinae, Naohide

doi:10.1271/bbb.110957

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 22 publications

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“…Previous studies have reported that genistein and daidzein show no mutagenicity in the bacterial gene mutation test on S. typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains (Ames tests) [ 24 , 25 , 26 ]. The genotoxicity assay results indicated that EECR95 at a very high concentration (1.0 mg/plate) did not increase the number of histidine revertant colonies over the negative control in the TA100 and TA98 tester strains, either with or without S9 metabolic activation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety Assessment and Hepatic–Renal Protection of Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. Root and Its Soy Isoflavone Contents

Vo,

Cai,

Liao

et al. 2023

Nutrients

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Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp., also known as pigeon pea, has roots that have exhibited much pharmacological potential. The present study was conducted to assess the safe dose of the ethanolic extract of C. cajan roots (EECR95) and to analyze the main soy isoflavones contents. In vitro, we investigated the mutagenicity and cytotoxic effect of EECR95 on Salmonella typhimurium-TA98 and TA100 (by Ames tests) and RAW 264.7, L-929, and HGF-1 cell lines (by MTT tests) for 24 h of incubation. We found no mutagenic or cytotoxic effects of EECR95. After administration of 0.2 or 1.0 g/kg bw of EECR95 to both male and female Wistar rats for 90 days, there were no significant adverse effects on the behaviors (body weight, water intake, and food intake), organ/tissue weights, or immunohistochemical staining, and the urine and hematological examinations of the rats were within normal ranges. EECR95 potentially decreases renal function markers in serum (serum uric acid, BUN, CRE, and GLU) or liver function markers (cholesterol, triglyceride, and glutamic-pyruvate-transaminase (GPT)). We also found that EECR95 contained five soy isoflavones (genistein, biochanin A, daidzein, genistin, and cajanol), which may be related to its hepatorenal protection. Based on the high dose (1.0 g/kg bw) of EECR95, a safe daily intake of EECR95 for human adults is estimated to be 972 mg/60 kg person/day.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety Assessment and Hepatic–Renal Protection of Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. Root and Its Soy Isoflavone Contents

Vo,

Cai,

Liao

et al. 2023

Nutrients

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Dietary nitrate and nitrite: Benefits, risks, and evolving perceptions

2016

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Risk assessment for peri- and post-menopausal women taking food supplements containing isolated isoflavones

2015

EFSA Journal

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The EFSA ANS Panel was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the possible association between the intake of isoflavones from food supplements and harmful effects on mammary gland, uterus and thyroid in peri-and post-menopausal women. Isoflavones are naturally occurring substances which can be found in, among other sources, soy, red clover and kudzu root. The main isoflavones are genistein, daidzein, glycitein, formononetin, biochanin A and puerarin. Their chemical structures are related to 17β-oestradiol and they possess oestrogenic properties. Furthermore, isoflavones may interact with the synthesis of thyroid hormone. Food supplements targeted at peri-and postmenopausal women typically provide a daily dose of isoflavones in the range of 35-150 mg/day. A systematic review was performed to investigate whether an association could be found between intake of isoflavones from food supplements and adverse effects on the three target organs in periand post-menopausal women. The human data did not support the hypothesis of an increased risk of breast cancer from observational studies nor of an effect on mammographic density nor on proliferation marker Ki-67 expression in interventional studies. No effect was found on endometrial thickness and histopathological changes in the uterus up to 30 months of supplementation with 150 mg/day of soy isoflavones. After 60 months some non-malignant histopathological changes were reported. Thyroid hormones levels were not changed following intake of isoflavones from food supplements. The background exposure from the diet in the general European population was estimated to be lower than 1 mg/day, whereas in consumers of soy-based foods it could be higher. The Panel concluded that it was not possible to derive a single health-based guidance value for the different preparations in post-menopausal women. However the doses used in the intervention studies and their duration could serve as guidance for the intake of food supplements.

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Change in Mutagenic Activity of Genistein after a Nitrite Treatment

Cited by 3 publications

References 22 publications

Safety Assessment and Hepatic–Renal Protection of Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. Root and Its Soy Isoflavone Contents

Safety Assessment and Hepatic–Renal Protection of Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. Root and Its Soy Isoflavone Contents

Dietary nitrate and nitrite: Benefits, risks, and evolving perceptions

Risk assessment for peri- and post-menopausal women taking food supplements containing isolated isoflavones

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