Change in Muscle Strength Explains Accelerated Decline of Physical Function in Older Women With High Interleukin‐6 Serum Levels

Ferrucci, Luigi; Penninx, Brenda W. J. H.; Volpato, Stefano; Harris, Tamara B.; Bandeen‐Roche, Karen; Balfour, Jennifer L.; Leveille, Suzanne G.; Fried, Linda P.; Guralnik, Jack M.

doi:10.1046/j.1532-5415.2002.50605.x

Cited by 533 publications

(358 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This association may be attributable to a direct effect of IL-6 on muscle atrophy and/or to the pathophysiologic role of IL-6 in specific diseases. However, we could only partially confirm strong associations of IL-6 with physical performance (SPPB) in aged populations (Cesari et al 2004;Cohen et al 1997;Ferrucci et al 2002;Tiainen et al 2010). Additionally, no association with IL-6 was found with the age-related loss of muscle strength and function in our communitydwelling oldest old (data not shown).…”

Section: Inflammatory Associations With Individual Aspects Of Functiomentioning

confidence: 56%

Significance of serum immune markers in identification of global functional impairment in the oldest old: cross-sectional results from the BELFRAIL study

Adriaensen

Matheï

Pottelbergh

et al. 2013

AGE

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The large burden and coexistence of physical disability, cognitive impairment, and depression in the oldest old makes summary markers of global functioning of great value, allowing for risk stratification. Inflammation may be a common underlying cause or represents a final common pathway. The present study investigated the association between elevated serum inflammatory markers and global functioning and its underlying aspects. A representative sample of 415 communitydwelling elderly subjects participating in the BELFRAIL study, with a mean age of 85 years, was included in the present analysis. Data on physical performance, dependence, and mental aspects of functioning and serum levels of 15 inflammatory proteins, including cytokines, chemokines, and acute-phase proteins, were assessed. Interleukin (IL)-6 was negatively associated with global functioning (odds ratio (OR) 4.35). The odds ratios for C-reactive protein (CRP) (OR 2.37) and the combined score of IL-6 and CRP (OR 2.59) were lower or not significant. IL-6 was significantly associated with physical dependence and cognitive function, and only a highly elevated serum level was associated with physical performance. Physical dependence was associated with a highly elevated CRP serum level. The proportion of functionally impaired older persons with elevated IL-6 was 81.93 %, giving a low positive predictive value (0.38), but a high negative predictive value (0.87). So, IL-6 is strongly associated with global functioning and all of the individual aspects of functioning, except suspected depression, in communitydwelling persons 80 years and older.

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Section: Inflammatory Associations With Individual Aspects Of Functiomentioning

confidence: 56%

Significance of serum immune markers in identification of global functional impairment in the oldest old: cross-sectional results from the BELFRAIL study

Adriaensen

Matheï

Pottelbergh

et al. 2013

AGE

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“…Until today, only a limited number of prospective population studies further reported on the positive association between IL-6 and physical decline in older individuals. However, these previous studies were all restricted to lower age categories (Ferrucci et al 2002;Schaap et al 2009;Penninx et al 2004;Stenholm et al 2010;Taaffe et al 2000), highfunctioning persons (Schaap et al 2009;Penninx et al 2004;Taaffe et al 2000;Ferrucci et al 1999), or longer follow-up periods (Schaap et al 2009;Stenholm et al 2010;Taaffe et al 2000;Ferrucci et al 1999) or were gender-specific (Ferrucci et al 2002). Therefore, the generalizability of these findings in the oldest old might be limited.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…However, independent of the cohort and the equipment used, the proposed cutoffs are quite similar. The WHAS study proposed a cutoff of 3.1 pg/ml (Ferrucci et al 2002), Harris and coworkers of 3.2 pg/ml , and Ferrucci and coworkers of 2.5 pg/ml . Following a similar cutoff score of 2.98 pg/ml, inflammageing was apparent with 31.6 % of our participants having IL-6 values above the cutoff value.…”

Section: Gds Decline N=316mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interleukin-6 predicts short-term global functional decline in the oldest old: results from the BELFRAIL study

Adriaensen

Matheï

Vaes

et al. 2014

AGE

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The chronic inflammatory state at old age may contribute to the pathophysiology of or reflect chronic conditions resulting in loss of physical and mental functioning. Therefore, our objective was to examine the predictive value of a large battery of serum inflammatory markers as risk indicators for global functional decline and its specific physical and mental determinants in the oldest old. Global functional decline and specific aspects of physical and mental functional decline were assessed during an average of 1.66 years (±0.21) in a sample of 303 persons aged 80 years or older of the BELFRAIL study. Serum levels of 14 inflammatory proteins, including cytokines, growth factors, and acute phase proteins, were measured at baseline. Almost 20 % of the participants had a significant global functional decline over time. Interleukin (IL)-6 serum levels were uniquely positively associated with global functional decline, even after correcting for multiple confounders (odds ratio 1.51). Odds ratios for the individual aspects (physical dependency, physical performance, cognition, and depression) of functioning were lower, and composite scores of physical or mental decline were not significant. The proportion of global functional decline exhibited a dose-response curve with increasing levels of IL-6. Thus, IL-6 is an independent risk indicator for accelerated global functional decline in the oldest old. Our results suggest that simple serum levels of IL-6 may be very useful in short-term identification or evaluation of global functional status in the oldest old.

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“…A comparison of unadjusted means shows that all participants (both elderly men and women) in the highest tertile of CZr had significantly lower BMI, cholesterol and albumin, higher incidence of congestive heart failure, higher IL-6, and CRP levels as well as worse in physical and functional performance than those observed in the lower tertiles at baseline. An adjustment for inflammatory parameters (IL-6 and CRP) affects the association of CZr with baseline physical and functional measures, thus limiting the relevance of CZr as biomarker of physical and functional status in comparison with other well-known inflammatory biomarkers (Brinkley et al 2009;Ferrucci et al 2002). However, the association between CZr and physical decline shows that CZr levels are significantly associated with the worsening of physical performance in a 2-year follow-up.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cu to Zn ratio, physical function, disability, and mortality risk in older elderly (ilSIRENTE study)

Mocchegiani

Malavolta

Lattanzio

et al. 2011

AGE

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Associations between copper to zinc ratio (CZr) and mortality have suggested CZr as a biomarker of aging. Nevertheless, very limited data exist on the association between serum CZr and physical or functional status of very old people. We examined the relationship between serum CZr and physical performance, muscle strength, functional status, and survival from the ilSIRENTE Study: a longitudinal study of persons aged 80 years or older (n=346). An adjusted linear regression model was subsequently performed to calculate the regression coefficients of the associations between baseline physical and functional measures (dependent variable) with CZr or "Cu and Zn" alone taking also into account the influence of other relevant factors, including hematological (albumin, cholesterol, and urea) and inflammatory biomarkers (IL-6 and CRP) that were significantly different across CZr tertiles. CZr showed significant and stronger relationships than Cu or Zn alone with all baseline physical and functional measures in models that did not include adjustments for inflammatory parameters. CZr was also associated with physical decline, measured as "SPPB% decline" at 2 years of follow-up and mortality at 4 years of follow-up. Subjects in the high CZr tertile had a higher risk of death with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.92 (95% CI, p=0.02). In conclusion, we have confirmed the role of CZr as a predictor of mortality, whereas the role of CZr as a biomarker or predictor of physical or functional performance seems to be the consequence of its strict relationships with inflammatory parameters. In this context, further investigations need to be carried out.

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Change in Muscle Strength Explains Accelerated Decline of Physical Function in Older Women With High Interleukin‐6 Serum Levels

Abstract: Older women with high IL-6 serum levels have a higher risk of developing physical disability and experience a steeper decline in walking ability than those with lower levels, which are partially explained by a parallel decline in muscle strength.

Cited by 533 publications

References 16 publications

Significance of serum immune markers in identification of global functional impairment in the oldest old: cross-sectional results from the BELFRAIL study

Significance of serum immune markers in identification of global functional impairment in the oldest old: cross-sectional results from the BELFRAIL study

Interleukin-6 predicts short-term global functional decline in the oldest old: results from the BELFRAIL study

Cu to Zn ratio, physical function, disability, and mortality risk in older elderly (ilSIRENTE study)

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