Change in convergence and accommodation after two weeks of eye exercises in typical young adults

Horwood, Anna M.; Toor, Sonia; Riddell, Patricia M.

doi:10.1016/j.jaapos.2013.11.008

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…If the fatigue state can not be relieved timely, the eyes may suffer from the organic changes and then develop into the true myopia. Horwood and Svĕrák [6,7] study shows that as for the treatment of adolescent myopia, the age is younger, the visual acuity is less and the disease course is shorter, then the treatment effect is better. Therefore, it is better to prevent and treat adolescent myopia as early as possible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Eye Exercises in Combination with Auricular Plaster Therapy on Adolescent Pseudomyopia Patients

Wang¹

2017

dtcse

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Objective: observant effect of Eye Exercises in combination with auricular plaster therapy on adolescent pseudomyopia patients. Method: 72 selected patients are randomly divided into an Eye Exercises group (Control group I), an auricular plaster therapy group (Control group II) and a combination group. Before treatment and after 12 weeks' treatment, respectively examine and evaluate the vision of the patients. Results: the curative effect for 3 groups of patients is significantly improved compared with that before treatment, meanwhile, myopic refraction and evaluation results of curative effect in the observation group are much better than those of the control group, P < 0.05 or P < 0.01. Conclusion: under the same treatment conditions, the curative effect of the combination therapy is much better than the single curative effect of the Eye Exercises group or the auricular plaster group.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Eye Exercises in Combination with Auricular Plaster Therapy on Adolescent Pseudomyopia Patients

Wang¹

2017

dtcse

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“…In our laboratory we find such clear differences between objective accommodation measurements between monocular and binocular stimuli that despite a significant literature describing dynamic retinoscopy we remain concerned that changes in the quality of binocularity of the stimulus caused by the retinoscope flash might affect the accommodation. The other reason is that we were assessing accommodation objectively under truly monocular and binocular conditions in the other arm of the study …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main purpose of the study was to assess objective convergence and accommodation responses using a Plusoptix PowerRefII autorefractor . The participants were asked to watch a range of stimuli moving between 25 cm and 2 m in a testing session which lasted about 7 min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…feeling sleepy when doing close work, or having to re-read words, to account for a student lifestyle. 19 On their first visit to the laboratory a brief history was taken to ensure no history of binocular vision problems and to verify that any refractive correction had been checked within the last year. All testing was carried out using their habitual spectacles or contact lenses.…”

Section: Initial Visitmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical test responses to different orthoptic exercise regimes in typical young adults

Horwood

Toor

2014

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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PurposeThe relative efficiency of different eye exercise regimes is unclear, and in particular the influences of practice, placebo and the amount of effort required are rarely considered. This study measured conventional clinical measures following different regimes in typical young adults.MethodsA total of 156 asymptomatic young adults were directed to carry out eye exercises three times daily for 2 weeks. Exercises were directed at improving blur responses (accommodation), disparity responses (convergence), both in a naturalistic relationship, convergence in excess of accommodation, accommodation in excess of convergence, and a placebo regime. They were compared to two control groups, neither of which were given exercises, but the second of which were asked to make maximum effort during the second testing.ResultsInstruction set and participant effort were more effective than many exercises. Convergence exercises independent of accommodation were the most effective treatment, followed by accommodation exercises, and both regimes resulted in changes in both vergence and accommodation test responses. Exercises targeting convergence and accommodation working together were less effective than those where they were separated. Accommodation measures were prone to large instruction/effort effects and monocular accommodation facility was subject to large practice effects.ConclusionsSeparating convergence and accommodation exercises seemed more effective than exercising both systems concurrently and suggests that stimulation of accommodation and convergence may act in an additive fashion to aid responses. Instruction/effort effects are large and should be carefully controlled if claims for the efficacy of any exercise regime are to be made.

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“…We studied a large group of young adults given a range of different orthoptic exercises. 24,25 Convergence exercises (even to a non-accommodative target) helped convergence and accommodation much more than accommodation exercises.…”

Section: Dissociation Reduces Accommodationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convergence accommodation in orthoptic practice

Horwood

2016

British and Irish Orthoptic Journal

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Aim: Orthoptists are familiar with AC/A ratios and the concept that accommodation drives convergence, but the reverse relationship, that of the accommodation associated with convergence, is rarely considered. Methods: This article reviews published evidence from our laboratory which has investigated the drives to both vergence and accommodation. All studies involved a method by which accommodation and vergence were measured concurrently and objectively to a range of visual stimuli which manipulate blur, disparity and proximal/looming cues in different combinations. Results: Results are summarised for both typical and atypical participants, and over development between birth and adulthood. Conclusions: For the majority of typical children and adults, as well as patients with most heterophorias and intermittent exotropia, disparity is the main cue to both vergence and accommodation. Thus the convergence fiaccommodation relationship is more influential than that of accommodative vergence. Differences in 'style' of near cue use may be a more useful way to think about responses to stimuli moving in depth, and their consequences for orthoptic patients, than either AC/A or CA/C ratios. The implications of a strong role for vergence accommodation in orthoptic practice are considered.

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Change in convergence and accommodation after two weeks of eye exercises in typical young adults

Cited by 21 publications

References 16 publications

Effect of Eye Exercises in Combination with Auricular Plaster Therapy on Adolescent Pseudomyopia Patients

Effect of Eye Exercises in Combination with Auricular Plaster Therapy on Adolescent Pseudomyopia Patients

Clinical test responses to different orthoptic exercise regimes in typical young adults

Convergence accommodation in orthoptic practice

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