Change in Body Mass Index Between Pregnancies and the Risk of Gestational Diabetes in a Second Pregnancy

Ehrlich, Samantha F.; Hedderson, Monique M.; Feng, Jean; Davenport, Erica; Gunderson, Erica P.; Ferrara, Assiamira

doi:10.1097/aog.0b013e31821aa358

Cited by 106 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…[178][179][180][181][182][183][184][185][186] The inter-pregnancy decrease in weight was not associated with an increased risk of SGA infants. 183 Four RCTs reported that a postpartum lifestyle intervention was effective in facilitating weight loss compared with a control group. [187][188][189][190] A recent meta-analysis of 11 studies with 769 women reported a significant mean −2.57 kg (−3.6 to −1.5) weight loss in the intervention group.…”

Section: Interventions To Mitigate the Effects Of Maternal Obesity Onmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…[181][182][183][184] Inter-pregnancy weight loss in overweight and obese women was associated with a decreased risk of GDM or pre-eclampsia in a subsequent pregnancy. [178][179][180][181][182][183][184][185] Three studies reported a decreased incidence of LGA in overweight and obese women who had an inter-pregnancy weight loss of as little as 1-2 BMI units.…”

Section: Interventions To Mitigate the Effects Of Maternal Obesity Onmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…[178][179][180][181][182][183][184][185] Three studies reported a decreased incidence of LGA in overweight and obese women who had an inter-pregnancy weight loss of as little as 1-2 BMI units. [178][179][180][181][182][183][184][185][186] The inter-pregnancy decrease in weight was not associated with an increased risk of SGA infants. 183 Four RCTs reported that a postpartum lifestyle intervention was effective in facilitating weight loss compared with a control group.…”

Section: Interventions To Mitigate the Effects Of Maternal Obesity Onmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Obesity and pregnancy: mechanisms of short term and long term adverse consequences for mother and child

Catalano

Shankar

2017

BMJ

784

660

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Obesity is the most common medical condition in women of reproductive age. Obesity during pregnancy has short term and long term adverse consequences for both mother and child. Obesity causes problems with infertility, and in early gestation it causes spontaneous pregnancy loss and congenital anomalies. Metabolically, obese women have increased insulin resistance in early pregnancy, which becomes manifest clinically in late gestation as glucose intolerance and fetal overgrowth. At term, the risk of cesarean delivery and wound complications is increased. Postpartum, obese women have an increased risk of venous thromboembolism, depression, and difficulty with breast feeding. Because 50-60% of overweight or obese women gain more than recommended by Institute of Medicine gestational weight guidelines, postpartum weight retention increases future cardiometabolic risks and prepregnancy obesity in subsequent pregnancies. Neonates of obese women have increased body fat at birth, which increases the risk of childhood obesity. Although there is no unifying mechanism responsible for the adverse perinatal outcomes associated with maternal obesity, on the basis of the available data, increased prepregnancy maternal insulin resistance and accompanying hyperinsulinemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress seem to contribute to early placental and fetal dysfunction. We will review the pathophysiology underlying these data and try to shed light on the specific underlying mechanisms.

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Section: Interventions To Mitigate the Effects Of Maternal Obesity Onmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Interventions To Mitigate the Effects Of Maternal Obesity Onmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Interventions To Mitigate the Effects Of Maternal Obesity Onmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Obesity and pregnancy: mechanisms of short term and long term adverse consequences for mother and child

Catalano

Shankar

2017

BMJ

784

660

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This study also observed that the risk of GDM is higher in subsequent pregnancies. On the other hand, has been reported that women who gain more BMI units between their first and second pregnancy showed a higher risk of developing GDM in their second pregnancy 18 . In accordance with these evidences, we noted that multiparous women presented higher prepregnancy and current BMI than nulliparous women.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parity implications for anthropometrical variables, lifestyle behaviors and dietary habits in pregnant women

Goñi

Cuervo

Santiago

et al. 2014

Anales Sis San Navarra

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“…It has been found that overweight or obese women in the first pregnancy who reduce their BMI between pregnancies appear to have a lower incidence of GDM in subsequent pregnancies (Ehrlich et al, 2011). In the present studies, a significant difference of BCS was achieved in experiment one (Chapter 3).…”

Section: Body Conditionsupporting

confidence: 42%

Insulin resistance in pregnant mares: the influence of body condition

Song¹

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Pregnancy is characterized by slight insulin resistance (IR), impaired glucose clearance and compensatory increased insulin secretion. More severe IR may, however, result in pancreatic β cell failure during pregnancy, and in turn leads to prolonged insulin insensitivity after birth, and/or an increased risk of diabetes in later life. This condition is known as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in pregnant women those, in particular, who suffer from obesity. Although IR has been considered as a factor to increase the risk of laminitis and osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) in horses, there is no reported direct evidence showing that GDM occurs in pregnant mares. Hence, the present research aimed to study the occurrence of IR in pregnant mares with different body condition score (BCS) and potential long-term effects in the subsequent pregnancy.Experiment 1: In the first year, 13 pregnant mares were allocated into either a high body condition group (HBCS, n=6) or low body condition group (LBCS, n=7) based on BCS assessed at mid gestation on a scale of 1 to 9. The two groups were fed separately with either a high energy diet (150 % DE requirements) or a moderate energy diet (100 % DE requirements) to attain a BCS of HBCS ≥ 6 and LBCS ≤ 4, respectively, during the last trimester of pregnancy. Weekly blood samples were taken from week 41 to 46 of pregnancy to confirm the differences between the groups by determining the basal leptin concentrations. Frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance tests (FSIGTT) were performed at day 290 and 320 of gestation while insulin and glucose responses were analyzed by minimal model analyses to determine insulin sensitivity (Si), glucose effectiveness (Sg), acute insulin response to glucose (AIRg) and disposition index (DI).Experiment 2: In the subsequent year, lactating mares from the previous experiment were mated again prior to examinations for ongoing dysfunction of pancreatic β cell. Four mares from each of the previous HBCS and LBCS groups were selected for the study. During pregnancy animals were individually fed to ensure similarity in BCS between the groups and BCS were evaluated frequently.An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was carried out at day 325 of gestation to study the insulin and glucose responses in late pregnancy.ii It was found in Experiment 1 that the BCS in the HBCS group was significantly (P<0.001) higher than those in the LBCS group at day 290 (6.3±0.4 vs. 4.1±0.3) and day 320 (7.2±0.5 vs. 3.3±0.3) of gestation. It was noted that BCS in the HBCS group was significantly (P<0.05) increased, whilst those in LBCS group significantly (P<0.01) decreased over the period. Live weight was, however, similar (p>0.05) between the groups during the period. In addition, Plasma leptin was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the HBCS group as compared to those in the LBCS group from week 41 to 46 of gestation. There was no significant difference found (p>0.05) in basal insulin or glucose levels between the groups at either day 290 or day 320 of gestation. No sig...

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Change in Body Mass Index Between Pregnancies and the Risk of Gestational Diabetes in a Second Pregnancy

Cited by 106 publications

References 22 publications

Obesity and pregnancy: mechanisms of short term and long term adverse consequences for mother and child

Obesity and pregnancy: mechanisms of short term and long term adverse consequences for mother and child

Parity implications for anthropometrical variables, lifestyle behaviors and dietary habits in pregnant women

Insulin resistance in pregnant mares: the influence of body condition

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