Change in biochemical parameters of Persian oak (Quercus brantii Lindl.) seedlings inoculated by pathogens of charcoal disease under water deficit conditions

Ghanbary, Ehsan; Kouchaksaraei, Masoud Tabari; Mirabolfathy, M.; Etemad, V; Sanavi, S. A. M. Modarres; Struve, Daniel

doi:10.1007/s00468-018-1736-6

Cited by 18 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…In both oak species, the lowest mean values of F v /F m occurred under stress conditions, indicating an impairment of the photosynthetic machinery (F v /F m < 0.6 indicates sustained non‐radiative energy dissipation; Lang et al , Madmony et al ). In line with our data, a similar decrease in the maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII in response to drought stress and attack by charcoal agents was previously reported for Persian oak ( Q. brantii ; Ghanbary et al ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Our results showed a marked increase in phenol and flavonoid production in stressed seedlings of Q. infectoria ; however, these secondary metabolites remained nearly constant across treatments in seedlings of Q. libani . The same trend observed for Q. infectoria under pathogen stress was also found for Q. brantii plants infected with charcoal disease and exposed to drought conditions (Ghanbary et al ). Cheynier et al () suggested that high concentrations of these compounds protect plants against pathogens.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Our data showed that drought stress and pathogen infection led to an overproduction of H 2 O 2 , suggesting the induction of pro‐oxidative conditions in both studied species. The observed increase in H 2 O 2 concentration possibly resulted in cellular damage as evidenced by the increase in MDA (Cotrozzi et al , Soares et al , Ghanbary et al ). Although the levels of H 2 O 2 and MDA increased in both oak species, our findings suggest that Q. libani seems to be more susceptible to pathogen‐induced oxidative stress, because the recorded changes in MDA and H 2 O 2 were greater than those in Q. infectoria .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, drought increased the fungal pathogenicity and exacerbated the negative effects in Q. brantii (Ghanbary et al ). Moreover, several biochemical parameters in infected Q. brantii seedlings (by B. mediterranea and O. persica ) were more negatively affected when the seedlings were simultaneously subjected to severe drought stress (Ghanbary et al ). In addition, the detrimental effects of B. mediterranea on the biochemical properties were greater than those of O. persica , while there was no significant difference between the effects of the two fungal agents on the growth and physiological parameters of Q. brantii .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differential physiological and biochemical responses of Quercus infectoria and Q. libani to drought and charcoal disease

Ghanbary

Kouchaksaraei

Zarafshar

et al. 2019

Physiologia Plantarum

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The vast oak-dominated forests of the Zagros Mountains in southwestern Iran currently undergo large-scale dieback driven by a combination of drought and increasing incidence of charcoal disease caused by the fungal pathogens Biscogniauxia mediterranea and Obolarina persica. Here, we explore the interactive effects between drought and charcoal disease agents on the physiology and biochemistry of Quercus infectoria and Quercus libani seedlings. The combination of pathogen attack and water limitation hampered plant development, especially in Q. libani seedlings, negatively affecting growth, biomass production, photosynthetic efficiency, and leaf water potential. An increase in markers of oxidative damage together with the upregulation of the antioxidant defense revealed that drought stress and pathogen infection led to pro-oxidative conditions in both oak species, especially in Q. libani, where larger changes in malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide occurred. The upregulation of the antioxidant system was more prominent in Q. infectoria than in Q. libani, resulting in enhanced enzyme activity and accumulation of non-enzymatic antioxidants. Fungal infection stimulated the activity of chitinase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase and -1,3-glucanase in Q. infectoria leaves and this response became more pronounced under water shortage. Our study highlights that drought stress greatly intensifies the effects of the charcoal disease. Moreover, our findings imply superior stress resistance of Q. infectoria conferred by a highly efficient antioxidant system, strong osmotic adjustment (through proline), and increases in resistance enzymes and secondary metabolites (phenols and flavonoids). Future investigations should focus on adult trees in their natural habitat including interactions with soil factors and other pathogens like nematodes, bacteria and other fungi. Because the present research was conducted on oak seedlings, the findings can be considered by forest nursery managers.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differential physiological and biochemical responses of Quercus infectoria and Q. libani to drought and charcoal disease

Ghanbary

Kouchaksaraei

Zarafshar

et al. 2019

Physiologia Plantarum

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“…Combined biotic and abiotic stresses may also negatively affect photosynthesis by reducing the concentration of photosynthetic pigments. For example, Ghanbary et al (2018) reported that chlorophyll content decreased due to pathogen infection, drought, and their combination in Q. brantii. These findings indicate that the effect of combined biotic and abiotic stresses on photosynthesis may be worse than each of the individual stresses.…”

Section: Responses Of Forest Trees To Combined Biotic and Abiotic Strmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Threat of the Combined Effect of Biotic and Abiotic Stress Factors in Forestry Under a Changing Climate

2020

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Plants encounter several biotic and abiotic stresses, usually in combination. This results in major economic losses in agriculture and forestry every year. Climate change aggravates the adverse effects of combined stresses and increases such losses. Trees suffer even more from the recurrence of biotic and abiotic stress combinations owing to their long lifecycle. Despite the effort to study the damage from individual stress factors, less attention has been given to the effect of the complex interactions between multiple biotic and abiotic stresses. In this review, we assess the importance, impact, and mitigation strategies of climate change driven interactions between biotic and abiotic stresses in forestry. The ecological and economic importance of biotic and abiotic stresses under different combinations is highlighted by their contribution to the decline of the global forest area through their direct and indirect roles in forest loss and to the decline of biodiversity resulting from local extinction of endangered species of trees, emission of biogenic volatile organic compounds, and reduction in the productivity and quality of forest products and services. The abiotic stress factors such as high temperature and drought increase forest disease and insect pest outbreaks, decrease the growth of trees, and cause tree mortality. Reports of massive tree mortality events caused by “hotter droughts” are increasing all over the world, affecting several genera of trees including some of the most important genera in plantation forests, such as Pine, Poplar, and Eucalyptus. While the biotic stress factors such as insect pests, pathogens, and parasitic plants have been reported to be associated with many of these mortality events, a considerable number of the reports have not taken into account the contribution of such biotic factors. The available mitigation strategies also tend to undermine the interactive effect under combined stresses. Thus, this discussion centers on mitigation strategies based on research and innovation, which build on models previously used to curb individual stresses.

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Prospects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (MZ945930) Mediated Enhancement of Capsicum annuum L. Plants Under Stress of Alternaria alternata in Terms of Physiological Traits, Thiol Content, Antioxidant Defense, and Phytohormones

Abdelhameed,

Metwally,

Soliman

2023

J Plant Growth Regul

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Plants encounter many biotic entities, such as fungi, bacteria, and nematodes, which induce biotic stress that disrupts normal metabolism and limits the growth and productivity of plants. Currently, the use of plant growth-promoting bacterial endophytes instead of synthetic fungicides is intriguingly eco-friendly. An in vitro and in vivo antagonistic approach using Bacillus amyloliquefaciens RaSh1 was used to mimic the pathogenic effect of Alternaria alternata. The results showed that B. amyloliquefaciens significantly inhibited pathogenic fungal growth in vitro. Further, Capsicum annuum L. (pepper plants) were grown and subjected to inoculation with B. amyloliquefaciens and infected with A. alternata, and then the growth attributes, photosynthetic pigments, physio-biochemical parameters, and the level of endogenous phytohormones were assessed. Under the pathogen attack, the main responses, such as plant length, total fresh and dry weights, total chlorophylls, and pigments, were reduced, accompanied by increases in H2O2. As well, infection of pepper with A. alternata caused downregulation in the plant hormonal system by significantly decreasing gibberellins, indole-3-acetic acid, abscisic acid, as well as cytokinin concentrations. Although, with B. amyloliquefaciens application, an enhancement in growth, photosynthetic pigments, proline, thiol content, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, and peroxidase in pepper plant leaves appeared while the content of H2O2 decreased. Endogenous phytohormones were found to be upregulated in B. amyloliquefaciens-inoculated and diseased plants. The current study found that B. amyloliquefaciens RaSh1 rescued pepper plant growth by modulating antioxidant defense and regulating hormones, and could be used to control A. alternata in an environmentally friendly manner while maintaining sustainable agriculture and food security.

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Change in biochemical parameters of Persian oak (Quercus brantii Lindl.) seedlings inoculated by pathogens of charcoal disease under water deficit conditions

Cited by 18 publications

References 78 publications

Differential physiological and biochemical responses of Quercus infectoria and Q. libani to drought and charcoal disease

Differential physiological and biochemical responses of Quercus infectoria and Q. libani to drought and charcoal disease

The Threat of the Combined Effect of Biotic and Abiotic Stress Factors in Forestry Under a Changing Climate

Prospects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (MZ945930) Mediated Enhancement of Capsicum annuum L. Plants Under Stress of Alternaria alternata in Terms of Physiological Traits, Thiol Content, Antioxidant Defense, and Phytohormones

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