Change and variability in sea ice during the 2007–2008 Canadian International Polar Year program

Barber, David G.; Asplin, M. G.; Raddatz, R. L.; Candlish, L. M.; Nickels, Scot; Meakin, Stephanie; Hochheim, Klaus P.; Lukovich, Jennifer V.; Galley, R. J.; Prinsenberg, Simon

doi:10.1007/s10584-012-0477-6

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(73 reference statements)

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“…Laurent (2007), andSir Wilfred Laurier (2008). Details of these missions have been reported elsewhere (Barber et al, 2010(Barber et al, , 2012Comeau et al, 2011;Terrado et al, 2011).…”

Section: Sample Collection Extraction and Sequencingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dinoflagellates and ciliates persist over winter darkness in the Arctic (Terrado et al, 2011;Marquardt et al, 2016), but their seasonal progression is poorly understood. To resolve temporal patterns at finer taxonomic resolution, and to test for trends consistent with environmental selection among Arctic microzooplankton, we investigated samples collected from November 2007 to July 2008 during the International Polar Year Circumpolar Flaw Lead Study (IPY-CFL; Barber et al, 2010Barber et al, , 2012. The IPY samples from both surface waters and the top of the Pacific halocline, where a subsurface chlorophyll maximum (SCM) usually develops (McLaughlin and Carmack, 2010;Monier et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal and Interannual Changes in Ciliate and Dinoflagellate Species Assemblages in the Arctic Ocean (Amundsen Gulf, Beaufort Sea, Canada)

et al. 2017

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Recent studies have focused on how climate change could drive changes in phytoplankton communities in the Arctic. In contrast, ciliates and dinoflagellates that can contribute substantially to the mortality of phytoplankton have received less attention. Some dinoflagellate and ciliate species can also contribute to net photosynthesis, which suggests that species composition could reflect food web complexity. To identify potential seasonal and annual species occurrence patterns and to link species with environmental conditions, we first examined the seasonal pattern of microzooplankton and then performed an in-depth analysis of interannual species variability. We used high-throughput amplicon sequencing to identify ciliates and dinoflagellates to the lowest taxonomic level using a curated Arctic 18S rRNA gene database. DNA-and RNA-derived reads were generated from samples collected from the Canadian Arctic from November 2007 to July 2008. The proportion of ciliate reads increased in the surface toward summer, when salinity was lower and smaller phytoplankton prey were abundant, while chloroplastidic dinoflagellate species increased at the subsurface chlorophyll maxima (SCM), where inorganic nutrient concentrations were higher. Comparing communities collected in summer and fall from 2003 to 2010, we found that microzooplankton community composition change was associated with the record ice minimum in the summer of 2007. Specifically, reads from smaller predatory species like Laboea, Monodinium, and Strombidium and several unclassified ciliates increased in the summer after 2007, while the other usually summer-dominant dinoflagellate taxa decreased. The ability to exploit smaller prey, which are predicted to dominate the future Arctic, could be an advantage for these smaller ciliates in the wake of the changing climate.

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“…Laurent (2007), andSir Wilfred Laurier (2008). Details of these missions have been reported elsewhere (Barber et al, 2010(Barber et al, , 2012Comeau et al, 2011;Terrado et al, 2011).…”

Section: Sample Collection Extraction and Sequencingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal and Interannual Changes in Ciliate and Dinoflagellate Species Assemblages in the Arctic Ocean (Amundsen Gulf, Beaufort Sea, Canada)

et al. 2017

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“…At the present time, the geographical situation of Hudson Bay predisposes it to having nearly complete year-round ice cover, except for 2 months. In August and September, the Bay is completely ice-free and summer and fall are characterized by 30 year negative seaice cover trends (Barber et al 2012;Cavalieri and Parkinson 2012). This will have a significant influence on the atmospheric circulation regime over the Hudson Bay region.…”

Section: Expectations Under a Warming Climatementioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Hudson Bay on the carbon dynamics of a Hudson Bay Lowlands coastal site

et al. 2016

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Eddy covariance (EC) estimates of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and the surface energy balance were gathered from an elevated peat plateau within the Hudson Bay Lowlands near Churchill, Manitoba, Canada (58°43′46″N, 93°49′57″W) during the growing season of 2007. Data were segregated into onshore and offshore wind regimes to assess the advective influence of the generally cold and moist Hudson Bay air masses compared to generally warm and dry air masses of nonmarine origin. Monthly average NEE ranged from an uptake of 0.2 µmol?m −2 ?s −1 in September to 5.6 µmol?m −2 ?s −1 in July. Over the growing season, onshore winds from Hudson Bay contributed to an average 4.2°C reduction in air temperature and an NEE increase of 27%. When normalized with respect to sunlight receipt, the ratio of gross primary production to photosynthetically active radiation (GPP/PAR) was 26% stronger for offshore regimes than for onshore, while the ratio of ecosystem respiration to PAR (ER/PAR) was 71% stronger for offshore regimes. It was concluded that GPP maintains the same strength for both wind regimes, while ER is significantly stronger for offshore regimes, resulting in reduced NEE capacity during periods when winds originate from inland.

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“…The summer BSH has strengthened since the late 1990s, perhaps driven by enhanced environmental warming (Moore ), with a higher‐than‐average pressure field during July–September 2007 explaining part of the record‐setting areal and regional (western Arctic) ice losses (Barber et al ; Ogi et al ; Stroeve et al ). Aside from influences on the summer mean BSH pressure field, frequencies of summer (JJA) Beaufort Sea anticyclones were higher in 2007 and the following four summers, relative to the 1979–2006 climatology, in conjunction with high September sea ice losses (Ballinger and Sheridan ).…”

Section: Atmospheric Circulation Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmosphere and Ocean Impacts on Recent Western Arctic Summer Sea Ice Melt

Ballinger

Rogers

2013

Geography Compass

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Summer sea ice in the western Arctic, specifically in the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas, has been rapidly declining during the last several decades. Annual minima in six recent Septembers (2007–2012) have witnessed the lowest western Arctic sea ice extents of the modern satellite era. The western Arctic summer sea ice has become less extensive amidst a fundamental transition from once widely prevalent and thick multi‐year ice to a thinner and readily melted first‐year ice cover. Questions remain for the Arctic climate research community involving the combination of factors that may be forcing these negative sea ice trends, particularly as current understanding of these complex ice–climate interactions evolves. Interannual variations of atmospheric pressure systems such as the Beaufort Sea High help determine the overlying wind direction and strength as well as the severity of summer ice cover. Atmospheric circulation teleconnections are important in sea ice variability but the role of some, such as the Arctic Oscillation, may in fact have changed as the western Arctic transitioned to a thinner ice cover. Reductions in summer sea ice extent became noticeable from 1998 onward and can be partly attributed to oceanic warming in the northern Pacific across the Bering Strait into the western Arctic. Warming of the northern Atlantic has had dramatic impacts in the Eurasian Arctic but a viable physical mechanism by which it can produce western Arctic ice melt is not yet established. Arctic warming induced by forcing from greenhouse gases is estimated to rival the impact of atmospheric teleconnections and helps produce the “Arctic amplification” of air temperatures that enhances summer sea ice melt. Late summer open water may in turn be altering the atmospheric circulation, weather and climate of subsequent autumn and winter seasons throughout the middle latitudes.

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Change and variability in sea ice during the 2007–2008 Canadian International Polar Year program

Cited by 21 publications

References 58 publications

Seasonal and Interannual Changes in Ciliate and Dinoflagellate Species Assemblages in the Arctic Ocean (Amundsen Gulf, Beaufort Sea, Canada)

Seasonal and Interannual Changes in Ciliate and Dinoflagellate Species Assemblages in the Arctic Ocean (Amundsen Gulf, Beaufort Sea, Canada)

Influence of Hudson Bay on the carbon dynamics of a Hudson Bay Lowlands coastal site

Atmosphere and Ocean Impacts on Recent Western Arctic Summer Sea Ice Melt

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