Challenging Rape Culture

Klaw, Elena; Lonsway, Kimberly A.; Waldo, Craig R.; Kothari, Chevon; Mazurek, Christopher J.; Hegeman, Kurt E.

doi:10.1300/j015v28n02_04

Cited by 26 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…Third, due to the potentially negative trajectory of experiencing sexual victimization and the effect of hypermasculine attitudes on the association between SVH and RSB, universities should create a system in which male and female students are exposed to feminist principles that promote respect, safety, and actionable change (Connell, 1989). For example, universities have implemented rape prevention training to change attitudes about rape culture and to aid in enhancing feminist identity (Klaw et al , 2005). Therefore, rape prevention training might be another way to prevent the negative trajectory of sexual victimization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risky sex: testing moderated mediation among college students

Silverstein

Fix

Alexander

2017

Jnl Aggress Conflict Peace Res

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Purpose Risky sexual behavior (RSB) on college campuses contributes to elevated rates of sexually transmitted infections and sexual assault. Research indicates a positive association between sexual victimization history (SVH) and RSB with alcohol use and sexual sensation seeking as mediators to this association. Hypermasculinity has also been shown to play a moderating role amongst these associations. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to test the associations between RSB, SVH, alcohol use, sexual sensation seeking, and hypermasculinity. Design/methodology/approach Participants were 493 undergraduates who completed measures of RSB, SVH, alcohol use, sexual sensation seeking, and hypermasculinity. A moderated mediation model was run examining the association between SVH and RSB, with alcohol use and sexual sensation seeking tested as mediators of the relationship between SVH and RSB. In addition, hypermasculinity was tested as a moderator of the mediated relationship between SVH and the aforementioned mediator variables. Findings Alcohol use and sexual sensation seeking partially mediated the association between SVH and RSB. Masculinity moderated the association between SVH and RSB via sexual sensation seeking and between SVH and RSB via alcohol use. Research limitations/implications Individuals with SVH might be at a higher risk for alcohol use and sexual sensation seeking, ultimately increasing their risk for RSB. University policy implications include implementing alcohol use and awareness interventions, strengthening sexual victimization policies, and including screenings for SVH at counseling and medical centers. Originality/value Previous findings were extended by showing how SVH leads to RSB.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risky sex: testing moderated mediation among college students

Silverstein

Fix

Alexander

2017

Jnl Aggress Conflict Peace Res

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“…Feelings of fear are a common response to increased awareness of rape (Ahrens and Campbell 2000;Hughes et al 2003;Klaw et al 2005). Fear is felt as a result of perceiving that the physical safety of oneself and/or one's close others has been endangered (Cottrell and Neuberg 2005).…”

Section: Attitudes: Feminism and Rape Myth Acceptancementioning

confidence: 99%

Intended Responses to Rape as Functions of Attitudes, Attributions of Fault, and Emotions

2010

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We explore how attitudes, attributions of fault, and emotions are related to female and male college students' intended responses to rape. Unlike past work which has examined these factors individually, we study them simultaneously to better understand how they cooccur in the real world. One hundred and five female and 74 male U.S. students from a university in New England read a short description of a female college student's experience of rape and answered questions about their reactions. Results demonstrate that female participants reported higher attitudes towards feminism, lower rape myth acceptance attitudes, higher attributions of fault to society for the rape, and higher feelings of anger and fear in response to the rape than male participants. Further, gender, attitudes towards feminism, rape myth acceptance attitudes, attributions of fault to society, and fear emerged as predictors of desire to engage in anti-rape collective action. In contrast, gender, rape myth acceptance attitudes, attributions of fault to the male perpetrator, and anger emerged as predictors of reported likelihood of helping the survivor of rape. Results suggest that although female college students are more likely to intend to engage in anti-rape collective action and help survivors of rape, the processes whereby attitudes, attributions of fault, and emotions relate to intended responses to rape are largely similar for female and male college students.

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“…Additional consideration should be given to programming that serves to challenge behaviors and contextualize conversation toward personalization of rape prevention content. For example, Klaw et al (2005) studied the parallels of rape consciousness with feminist identity development, suggesting that “an integral part of rape consciousness, appears to be premised upon a cognitive and emotional processing of the role of rape culture in daily life” (p. 61). Accordingly, future rape prevention programming should consider integrating guided group discussion aimed at dismantling rape supportive ideologies while processing the emotional and cognitive tension that is experienced by program participants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Quasiexperimental Study of the Bystander Plus Program for Changing Rape Culture Beliefs

Cadaret

Johnson

Devencenzi

et al. 2019

J Interpers Violence

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Sexual violence is considered a public health crisis and is particularly a problem on college campuses. Efforts for rape prevention at the collegiate level have included decreasing rape myth acceptance and increasing prosocial bystander behaviors. Although bystander models vary in regard to format and target population (e.g., male, female, or combined programs), they hold the same goals and underlying principles: to teach individuals how to effectively, and safely, intervene before, during, and after potential rape scenarios. In line with this research, the current study examined the efficacy of a bystander plus program, that goes beyond single session bystander focused programs to include a stronger focus on culture change and consciousness-raising across two sessions. The program was offered to undergraduate students ( n = 23), the intervention group, over two sequential weeks. The first session was based on a modified version of Bringing in the Bystander, called Empowering the Bystander (ETB). ETB is a 60-min interactive session in which presenters provide information and lead discussions and activities aimed to address rape myths, to increase sexual assault survivor empathy, to learn prosocial bystander behaviors, and to increase awareness of rape culture at large. We followed this with a consciousness-raising group called Define It! that asked participants to define and operationalize concepts such as sexual assault and rape culture in their own lives. Students in an introductory psychology course served as a control group ( n = 58) and did not receive the intervention. Both students within the intervention and control groups completed demographics and the Rape Culture Inventory (RCI) at pre-, post-, and 1-month postintervention. Results revealed a decrease in personal and perceived college endorsement of rape culture beliefs among intervention versus control participants. We discuss the implications of these results with concern to bystander programming and future directions for bystander plus program development.

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Challenging Rape Culture

Cited by 26 publications

References 11 publications

Risky sex: testing moderated mediation among college students

Risky sex: testing moderated mediation among college students

Intended Responses to Rape as Functions of Attitudes, Attributions of Fault, and Emotions

A Quasiexperimental Study of the Bystander Plus Program for Changing Rape Culture Beliefs

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