Challenging Open Extraction of Intraarticular Intracapsular Broken Patellar Cerclage Wire Adjacent to the Medial Femoral Condyle Following Unsuccessful Arthroscopic Removal

Abstract

Cerclage wiring and tension band wiring are commonly utilized in orthopedic surgeries for patellar fractures, but wire breakage is a recognized complication. This report presents a rare case where a broken cerclage wire exhibited intraarticular intracapsular migration, prompting open removal adjacent to the medial femoral condyle after unsuccessful attempts at arthroscopic extraction. A 50-year-old male with a history of patellar fracture fixation using cerclage and tension band wiring, presented with persistent knee pain and restricted motion. Radiographs revealed a united patellar fracture with a broken cerclage wire, and 3D CT pinpointed the wire fragment in the posterior knee compartment. Arthroscopic removal attempts through standard portals were ineffective, leading to a subsequent open removal via a Burk and Schaffer approach. Intraoperative fluoroscopy guided the thorough dissection, exposing the broken wire deep within the joint capsule, proximal to the intercondylar notch and adjacent to the medial femoral condyle. Meticulous extraction mitigated potential risks of cartilage and neurovascular damage. Follow-up imaging confirmed successful wire removal, and the patient experienced satisfactory functional recovery without significant complications. This case highlights the rare occurrence of intraarticular intracapsular migration of a broken cerclage wire and underscores the importance of timely removal to mitigate risks of cartilage and neurovascular damage. While arthroscopic removal is generally successful, cases of failure may necessitate open extraction, particularly when the wire is located posteriorly. The described approach, assisted by intraoperative fluoroscopy, proved effective in safely removing the broken wire and ensuring optimal patient outcomes.