Challenges with Mosquito-borne Viral Diseases: Outbreak of the Monsters

Gautam, Rajesh K.; Mishra, Sweta; Milhotra, Archana; Nagpal, Ritika; Mohan, Mradul; Singhal, Anchal; Kumari, Pratibha

doi:10.2174/1568026617666170130122921

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…1(a)). The overall curve fit of the EC 50 for metofluthrin decreased from 0.29 (0.13-0.66) to 0.26 (0.12-0.55) μg cm -2 against the OR strain and from 17 (10-30) to 12 (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18) against the PR strain ( Fig. 1(a)).…”

Section: Impact Of the Pabt On Calculated Response Potenciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Infection rates stemming from these diseases affect millions of people worldwide and are likely to increase . Even though vaccines have been developed and are available, the efficacy against dengue is limited to about 59% and no vaccine for Zika virus has been approved for clinical use . Due to the limited efficacy of vaccines for Zika, dengue, and chikungunya viruses, and problems with the feasibility of practical use and public acceptance of genetically modified mosquitoes, vector control by chemicals is still the major strategy for controlling disease transmission.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reduced effectiveness of repellents in a pyrethroid‐resistant strain of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: culicidae) and its correlation with olfactory sensitivity

Liu

Norris

Jiang

et al. 2019

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND The mosquito, Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae), is a vector of dengue fever, zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever viruses, and in many areas possesses significant levels of resistance to pyrethroids. Behavioral performance was assessed in 15, 30, and 60 min exposures in a high throughput vapor phase spatial repellency assay to three contact repellent standards: N,N‐diethyl‐3‐methylbenzamide (DEET), ethyl 3‐[acetyl(butyl)amino] propanoate (IR3535), and 2‐undecanone, as well as pyrethrum extract, transfluthrin, and metofluthrin in susceptible (Orlando) and a pyrethroid‐resistant Puerto Rico strain of Aedes aegypti. Additionally, electroantennographic studies were used to investigate the antennal sensitivities to these compounds in both strains. RESULTS Resistance was found to all tested insect repellents in the Puerto Rico strain of Ae. aegypti. Resistance ratios at the different time points were about 2 for DEET, 3 for 2‐undecanone, and 12 for IR3535. Resistance was also observed to pyrethrum extract (∼9‐fold), transfluthrin (∼5‐fold), and metofluthrin (∼48‐fold) in repellent behavioral response. Electrophysiological analysis found decreased antennal sensitivity to all repellents tested, consistent with their behavioral effects. CONCLUSION The reduced sensitivity to these repellents may represent a fitness cost arising from the kdr mutation present in Puerto Rico Aedes aegypti. This work highlights the need for understanding collateral effects from the evolution of pesticide resistance in mosquitoes, and the importance of finding alternative strategies to control resistance development. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

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Section: Impact Of the Pabt On Calculated Response Potenciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced effectiveness of repellents in a pyrethroid‐resistant strain of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: culicidae) and its correlation with olfactory sensitivity

Liu

Norris

Jiang

et al. 2019

Pest Management Science

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“…Besides humans, the main vectors of the virus in nature are mosquitoes from the genus Aedes ( 73 ). These vectors contribute not only to Dengue outbreak but also to the spread of other mosquito-borne diseases, like Zika and chikungunya ( 85 , 86 ). Vaccines for these diseases are at different stages of development, no specific treatment is available, and diagnostic methods are limited.…”

Section: Versatile Vhh Approaches For Ntdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Camelid Single-Domain Antibodies As an Alternative to Overcome Challenges Related to the Prevention, Detection, and Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases

et al. 2017

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Due mainly to properties such as high affinity and antigen specificity, antibodies have become important tools for biomedical research, diagnosis, and treatment of several human diseases. When the objective is to administer them for therapy, strategies are used to reduce the heterologous protein immunogenicity and to improve pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics. Size minimization contributes to ameliorate these characteristics, while preserving the antigen–antibody interaction site. Since the discovery that camelids produce functional antibodies devoid of light chains, studies have proposed the use of single domains for biosensors, monitoring and treatment of tumors, therapies for inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases, drug delivery, or passive immunotherapy. Despite an expected increase in antibody and related products in the pharmaceutical market over the next years, few research initiatives are related to the development of alternatives for helping to manage neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). In this review, we summarize developments of camelid single-domain antibodies (VHH) in the field of NTDs. Particular attention is given to VHH-derived products, i.e., VHHs fused to nanoparticles, constructed for the development of rapid diagnostic kits; fused to oligomeric matrix proteins for viral neutralization; and conjugated with proteins for the treatment of human parasites. Moreover, paratransgenesis technology using VHHs is an interesting approach to control parasite development in vectors. With enormous biotechnological versatility, facility and low cost for heterologous production, and greater ability to recognize different epitopes, VHHs have appeared as an opportunity to overcome challenges related to the prevention, detection, and control of human diseases, especially NTDs.

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“…30 Changes in the mosquito populations, host populations, and viral virulence (including neuroinvasion) and geographical spread into na€ ıve populations could create complex interactions that could cause epidemics of viral infection and large numbers of survivors with physical and mental impairment, including the zombie phenotype. 31,32…”

Section: Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The undead in culture and science

Nugent

Berdine

Nugent

2018

Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings

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The have a significant role in mythology, religion, folklore, and literature. In the 1800s, the word was used to describe reanimated corpses in the Caribbean who often worked on plantations doing long, arduous field work. The movie was released in 1932 and exploited this folklore, but it ignored the fact that zombies represent one outcome in Vodou religious beliefs regarding death and the migration of spirits following death. The interest in zombies eventually led to sociological and medical investigations into zombification. Wade Davis reported that powders used by malevolent priests contained tetrodotoxin, which could cause the neurologic changes underlying the zombie phenotype. Recent clinical studies have indicated that synthetic cannabinoids and synthetic cathinones can cause bizarre zombie-like behavior. According to Haitian folklore, zombies can develop when reanimate someone who suddenly died from an acute illness or who was purposely poisoned. Recent studies in molecular biology suggest that the sequence of programmed cell death can be reversed when the stressor is removed and that cells, tissues, and bodies (at least in flies) can recover. These scientific studies would support the remote possibility that the near dead might recover under certain circumstances but have residual neuropsychological dysfunction. Alternatively, the could maintain control of their victims using drugs with properties similar to those of synthetic cannabinoids. The concept of zombification needs to be considered in the context of culture, religion, and science.

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Challenges with Mosquito-borne Viral Diseases: Outbreak of the Monsters

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Reduced effectiveness of repellents in a pyrethroid‐resistant strain of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: culicidae) and its correlation with olfactory sensitivity

Reduced effectiveness of repellents in a pyrethroid‐resistant strain of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: culicidae) and its correlation with olfactory sensitivity

Camelid Single-Domain Antibodies As an Alternative to Overcome Challenges Related to the Prevention, Detection, and Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases

The undead in culture and science

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