Abstract:Disasters exact a heavy toll globally. However, the degree to which we can accurately quantify their impact, in particular mortality, remains challenging. It is critical to ensure that disaster data reliably reflects the scale, type, and distribution of disaster impacts given the role of data in: (1) risk assessments; (2) developing disaster risk management programs; (3) determining the resources for response to emergencies; (4) the types of action undertaken in planning for prevention and preparedness; and (5… Show more
“…Among the top three, indicator A1 (5.6%) is also frequently covered. These results could be aligned with evidence indicating that global disaster mortality appears to be declining for some specific hazards (Bouwer and Jonkman 2018 ), but the number of affected people and economic losses are increasing (Green et al 2019 ). Fig.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 78%
“…But, at the same time, it also makes it more apparent how much is still unknown (UNDRR 2019a ). Information on specific and time bound VCs contributes an additional perspective to data on DRR which, overall, plays meaningful roles for risk assessments, disaster risk management, responding to emergencies, prevention and preparedness, and identifying research or implementation gaps, among others (Green et al 2019 ). Furthermore, not only consistent collection and access to information is required but also capacity for contextual analysis, political will, funding, and concrete actions so that investments on sustainable development are risk-informed (Mizutori 2020b ).…”
The resilience of communities and nations is a necessary condition for sustainable development. Building resilience, however, is not always a straightforward process and requires joint efforts, an all-of-society approach. Thus, the commitment, goodwill, knowledge, experience, and resources of all stakeholders contributing to disaster risk reduction (DRR) are crucial. In UNDRR’s Sendai Framework Voluntary Commitments online platform, the work of all stakeholders can be showcased and tracked. Using novel data from this platform, this article presents descriptive information about the types of commitments made by stakeholders working on landslides. Results suggest that landslide is the third most covered hazard. Commitments working on this hazard have a more balanced distribution of global, regional, and local actions as compared with the whole sample. Also, landslide commitments tend to display higher levels of collaboration (as measured by the number of organizations involved) and longer duration (a commitment will last 7.6 years on average). Common issues being addressed include capacity development, risk management, and community-based DRR. When looking at specific regions and countries, there are opportunities for increased partnerships and effectiveness in topics such as knowledge sharing and technology solutions. The systemic nature of risks is increasingly apparent, and this article may stimulate further studies analyzing complexity and the joint action of all stakeholders committed to accelerate the implementation of the Sendai Framework.
“…Among the top three, indicator A1 (5.6%) is also frequently covered. These results could be aligned with evidence indicating that global disaster mortality appears to be declining for some specific hazards (Bouwer and Jonkman 2018 ), but the number of affected people and economic losses are increasing (Green et al 2019 ). Fig.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 78%
“…But, at the same time, it also makes it more apparent how much is still unknown (UNDRR 2019a ). Information on specific and time bound VCs contributes an additional perspective to data on DRR which, overall, plays meaningful roles for risk assessments, disaster risk management, responding to emergencies, prevention and preparedness, and identifying research or implementation gaps, among others (Green et al 2019 ). Furthermore, not only consistent collection and access to information is required but also capacity for contextual analysis, political will, funding, and concrete actions so that investments on sustainable development are risk-informed (Mizutori 2020b ).…”
The resilience of communities and nations is a necessary condition for sustainable development. Building resilience, however, is not always a straightforward process and requires joint efforts, an all-of-society approach. Thus, the commitment, goodwill, knowledge, experience, and resources of all stakeholders contributing to disaster risk reduction (DRR) are crucial. In UNDRR’s Sendai Framework Voluntary Commitments online platform, the work of all stakeholders can be showcased and tracked. Using novel data from this platform, this article presents descriptive information about the types of commitments made by stakeholders working on landslides. Results suggest that landslide is the third most covered hazard. Commitments working on this hazard have a more balanced distribution of global, regional, and local actions as compared with the whole sample. Also, landslide commitments tend to display higher levels of collaboration (as measured by the number of organizations involved) and longer duration (a commitment will last 7.6 years on average). Common issues being addressed include capacity development, risk management, and community-based DRR. When looking at specific regions and countries, there are opportunities for increased partnerships and effectiveness in topics such as knowledge sharing and technology solutions. The systemic nature of risks is increasingly apparent, and this article may stimulate further studies analyzing complexity and the joint action of all stakeholders committed to accelerate the implementation of the Sendai Framework.
“…However, the number of deaths only captures the direct and immediate effects. The data in the EM-DAT does not capture the excess mortality that may be present over longer periods of time [134]. The validity in relation to the scale of needs could therefore be questioned.…”
Section: Severity and The Scale Of Needsmentioning
Introduction:An earthquake is a hazard that may cause urgent needs requiring international assistance. To ensure rapid funding for such needs-based humanitarian assistance, swift decisions are needed. However, data to guide needs-based funding decisions are often missing in the acute phase, causing delays. Instead, it may be feasible to use data building on existing indexes that capture hazard and vulnerability information to serve as a rapid tool to prioritize funding according to the scale of needs: needs-based funding. However, to date, it is not known to what extent the indicators in the indexes can predict the scale of disaster needs. The aim of this study was to identify predictors for the scale of disaster needs after earthquakes.Methodology:The predictive performance of vulnerability indicators and outcome indicators of four commonly used disaster risk and severity indexes were assessed, both individually and in different combinations, using linear regression. The number of people who reportedly died or who were affected was used as an outcome variable for the scale of needs, using data from the Emergency Events Database (EM-DAT) provided by the Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters at the Université Catholique de Louvain (CRED; Brussels, Belgium) from 2007 through 2016. Root mean square error (RMSE) was used as the performance measure.Results:The assessed indicators did not predict the scale of needs. This attempt to create a multivariable model that included the indicators with the lowest RMSE did not result in any substantially improved performance.Conclusion:None of the indicators, nor any combination of the indicators, used in the four assessed indexes were able to predict the scale of needs in the assessed earthquakes with any precision.
“…Large-scale disasters such as earthquakes, floods, wildfires, and hurricanes have grown increasingly frequent in recent years (Eshghi and Larson 2008;Qin et al 2017;Ogie and Pradhan 2019), causing huge amounts of property damage, injuries, and fatalities (Chang et al 2007;Najafi et al 2013;Zhao and Liu 2017;Green et al 2019). These disasters typically surpass urban and provincial boundaries and have significant cross-regional effects.…”
Cross-regional allocation is necessary for the rational utilization and optimal allocation of resources. It is also the key to effective and sustainable disaster relief. Existing research, however, generally centers on emergency resource allocation only within territories or regions. This article proposes a multiperiod allocation optimization model for emergency resources based on regional self-rescue and cross-regional collaborative rescue efforts. The model targets the shortest delivery time and lowest allocation costs as its efficiency goals and the maximum coverage rate of resource allocation in the disaster-affected locations as its equity goal. An objective weighting fuzzy algorithm based on two-dimensional Euclidean distance is designed to solve the proposed model. A case study based on the Wenchuan Earthquake of 12 May 2008 was conducted to validate the proposed model. The results indicate that our proposed model allows for optimal, multiperiod cross-regional resource allocation by combining interterritorial and nearby allocation principles. Cross-regional relief makes resource allocation more equitable, minimizes dissatisfaction, and prevents losses. Different decision preferences appear to significantly affect the choice of resource allocation scheme employed, which provides flexibility for decision making in different emergencies.
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