Challenges towards hydrogen economy in China

Ren, Xusheng; Dong, Lichun; Xu, Di; Hu, Baoshan

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.01.163

Cited by 149 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 129 publications

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“…(2019) project that costs will remain high in a 10-to 30-year long term (4.47-15.83 $/kg H2) 37 . Some previous studies of China have also indicated high costs of green hydrogen (4-7 $/kg H2) compared to other regions 38 .…”

Section: Green Hydrogen Advantages Over Blue Hydrogenmentioning

confidence: 91%

Breaking the “hard-to-abate” bottleneck in China’s path to carbon neutrality

Yang

Nielsen

Song

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Countries such as China are facing a bottleneck in paths to carbon neutrality: abating emissions in heavy industries and heavy-duty transport. There are few in-depth studies of the prospective role for clean (green/blue) hydrogen in these “hard-to-abate” (HTA) sectors. Are current mitigation technologies in HTA sectors effective? What are the roles for clean hydrogen towards carbon neutrality? We carry out an integrated modeling analysis to answer these questions. Results show that, first, clean hydrogen as both energy carrier and feedstock can significantly reduce heavy industry emissions. Second, clean hydrogen can fuel up to 50% of China’s heavy-duty truck and bus fleets by 2060 together with significant shares of shipping. As a side benefit, a realistic hydrogen scenario, reaching 65.7 Mt of production in 2060, could avoid $1.72 trillion new investment cost compared to a no-hydrogen scenario. This study provides strong evidence for countries facing challenges similar to China in addressing requirements to reduce emissions from their recalcitrant HTA sectors towards carbon neutrality.

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Section: Green Hydrogen Advantages Over Blue Hydrogenmentioning

confidence: 91%

Breaking the “hard-to-abate” bottleneck in China’s path to carbon neutrality

Yang

Nielsen

Song

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…These two sectors are high in carbon footprint and GHG emissions, and hence there is a necessity for decarbonization. [86,87]…”

Section: Commercialization Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

Biohydrogen production from microalgae—Major bottlenecks and future research perspectives

Nagarajan

Dong

Chen

et al. 2021

Biotechnology Journal

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The imprudent use of fossil fuels has resulted in high greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, leading to climate change and global warming. Reduction in GHG emissions and energy insecurity imposed by the depleting fossil fuel reserves led to the search for alternative sustainable fuels. Hydrogen is a potential alternative energy carrier and is of particular interest because hydrogen combustion releases only water. Hydrogen is also an important industrial feedstock. As an alternative energy carrier, hydrogen can be used in fuel cells for power generation. Current hydrogen production mainly relies on fossil fuels and is usually energy and CO 2 -emission intensive, thus the use of fossil fuel-derived hydrogen as a carbon-free fuel source is fallacious. Biohydrogen production can be achieved via microbial methods, and the use of microalgae for hydrogen production is outstanding due to the carbon mitigating effects and the utilization of solar energy as an energy source by microalgae. This review provides comprehensive information on the mechanisms of hydrogen production by microalgae and the enzymes involved. The major challenges in the commercialization of microalgae-based photobiological hydrogen production are critically analyzed and future research perspectives are discussed. Life cycle analysis and economic assessment of hydrogen production by microalgae are also presented.

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“…Besides that, due to its scarcity over the years, a probable energy crisis might be another problem [1,4,5]. The disadvantages of fossil resources and the growth of environmental awareness drive the development of clean and efficient technologies and fuels [6,7]. In this context, gas hydrogen is an alternative to traditional fuels due to five characteristics [1,5]: a.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Self-Sufficiency Conditions of Ethanol Autothermal Reforming: a Simulation Study

Brito

Maraes

Santos

et al. 2021

Braz. arch. biol. technol.

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Natural gas steam reforming is commonly used for hydrogen production. However, research has shown that ethanol autothermal reforming can produce cleaner hydrogen gas efficiently. Despite this, there is a lack of studies on the energy self-sufficiency conditions of the ethanol autothermal reform. In this paper, we use simulations and the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) for the multivariate analysis of the energy self-sufficiency conditions in this process. First, we constructed and validated an industrial flowchart. After that, RSM allowed us to assess the process variables effects. The process variables studied were temperature (0 to 1000 ºC), pressure (20 to 30 bar), steam/ethanol ratio (2 to 5 mol/mol) and O2/ethanol ratio (0 to 1.5 mol/mol). We observe that the temperature and steam/ethanol ratio increase have a positive effect on hydrogen production. On the contrary, the O2/ethanol ratio increase has a negative effect, and the pressure increase is not statistically significant on hydrogen production. Therefore, the pressure was used at its minimum level (20 bar) while the temperature and the steam/ethanol ratio at its maximum levels (1000 ºC and 5 mol/mol). We also evaluated the energy consumption for the Autothermal Reactor (ATR). The reactor consumed 477.92 kJ/mol ethanol to produce 5.12 mol H2/mol ethanol when we use 1000 ºC, 20 bar, steam/ethanol 5 mol/mol, and O2/ethanol 0 mol/mol. ATR's energy self-sufficiency is achieved by using 1000 ºC, 20 bar, steam/ethanol 5 mol/mol, and O2/ethanol 0.86 mol/mol. In these conditions, 3.95 mol H2/mol ethanol is produced with 0 kJ/mol ethanol. HIGHLIGHTS• Pressure is not statistically significant for ethanol autothermal reforming.• Temperature and steam/ethanol ratio have a positive effect on hydrogen production.• Autothermal Reactor can achieve energy self-sufficiency.2 Brito, M.L.; et al.

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Challenges towards hydrogen economy in China

Cited by 149 publications

References 129 publications

Breaking the “hard-to-abate” bottleneck in China’s path to carbon neutrality

Breaking the “hard-to-abate” bottleneck in China’s path to carbon neutrality

Biohydrogen production from microalgae—Major bottlenecks and future research perspectives

Energy Self-Sufficiency Conditions of Ethanol Autothermal Reforming: a Simulation Study

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