Challenges surrounding nanosheets and their application to solar-driven photocatalytic water treatment

Perez-Alvarez, Diego; Brown, Jacob; Elgohary, Elzahraa A.; Mahmoud, Yasser; Nazer, Hossam A. El; Davies, Philip A.; Stafford, Jason

doi:10.1039/d2ma00276k

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Graphite is a layered material containing individual graphene layers held together by van der Waals forces. Various chemical and nonoxidizing top-down liquid exfoliation processes have been developed to synthesize few-layer graphene and other graphene-related materials from graphite. − By taking advantage of synthesis methods in the field of two-dimensional materials, it may be possible to develop scalable upcycling processes to handle the large waste streams from end-of-life EV batteries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using melt mixing, Paton et al dispersed small volume fractions (0.07 wt %) of shear exfoliated graphene nanosheets in poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), improving the strength of PET by 40% . Graphene nanosheets can also be used in 2D/2D heterostructures for the improvement of visible-light photocatalytic water treatment processes by enhancing the separation of charge carriers from the parent semiconducting photocatalyst …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7 Graphene nanosheets can also be used in 2D/2D heterostructures for the improvement of visible-light photocatalytic water treatment processes by enhancing the separation of charge carriers from the parent semiconducting photocatalyst. 8 Graphite is a layered material containing individual graphene layers held together by van der Waals forces. Various chemical and nonoxidizing top-down liquid exfoliation processes have been developed to synthesize few-layer graphene and other graphene-related materials from graphite.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sustainable Upcycling of Spent Electric Vehicle Anodes into Solution-Processable Graphene Nanomaterials

Stafford

Kendrick

2022

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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A major transition to electric vehicles (EVs) is underway globally, as countries target reductions in greenhouse gas emissions from the transport sector. As this rapid growth continues, significant challenges remain around how to sustainably manage the accompanying large volumes of waste from end-of-life lithium-ion batteries that contain valuable rare earth and critical materials. Here, we show that high-shear exfoliation in aqueous surfactants can upcycle spent graphite anodes recovered from an EV into few-layer graphene dispersions. For the same hydrodynamic conditions, we report a process yield that is 37.5% higher when using spent graphite anodes as the precursor material over high-purity graphite flakes. When the surfactant concentration is increased, the average atomic layer number reduces in a similar way to that of high-purity precursors. We find that the electrical conductance of few-layer graphene produced using the graphite flake precursor is superior and identify the limitations when using aqueous surfactant solutions as the exfoliation medium for spent graphite anode material. Using these nontoxic solution-processable nanomaterial dispersions, functional paper-based electronic circuit boards were fabricated, illustrating the potential for end-to-end, environmentally sustainable upcycling of spent EV anodes into new technologies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Sustainable Upcycling of Spent Electric Vehicle Anodes into Solution-Processable Graphene Nanomaterials

Stafford

Kendrick

2022

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Various chemical and nonoxidising top-down liquid exfoliation processes have been developed to synthesise few-layer graphene and other graphene-related materials from graphite. [6][7][8] By taking advantage of synthesis methods in the field of two-dimensional materials, it may be possible to develop scalable up-cycling processes to handle the large waste streams from end-of-life EV batteries. Liquid phase exfoliation techniques have recently been applied to anode graphite recovered from lithium-ion batteries in electronic devices to synthesise graphene, graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable up-cycling of spent electric vehicle anodes into solution processable graphene nanomaterials

Stafford

Kendrick

2022

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A major transition to electric vehicles (EVs) is underway globally, as countries target reductions in greenhouse gas emissions from the transport sector. As this rapid growth continues, significant challenges remain around how to sustainably manage the accompanying large volumes of waste from end-of-life lithium-ion batteries that contain valuable rare earth and critical materials. Here, we show that high-shear exfoliation in aqueous-surfactants can up- cycle spent graphite anodes recovered from an EV into few-layer graphene dispersions. For the same hydrodynamic conditions, we report a process yield that is 37.5% higher when using spent graphite anode as the precursor material over high purity graphite flakes. Increasing surfactant concentration, the average atomic layer number reduces in a similar way to high purity precursors. We find that the electrical conductance of few-layer graphene produced using the graphite flake precursor is superior, and identify the limitations when using aqueous-surfactant solutions as the exfoliation medium for spent graphite anode material. Using these non-toxic solution processable nanomaterial dispersions, functional paper-based electronics were fabricated, illustrating the potential for end-to-end, environmentally sustainable up-cycling of spent EV anodes into new technologies.

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Strong spin-ferromagnetic order and active dyes-depollution performance of CuO semiconductor: Gd and Gd/Mn dopants

Janene

2024

J Sol-Gel Sci Technol

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Challenges surrounding nanosheets and their application to solar-driven photocatalytic water treatment

Abstract: Industrialisation has deepened the water crisis in arid climates, where wastewater runoff from heavy industry has polluted groundwater sources so heavily that traditional methods of water treatment have proven ineffective....

Cited by 6 publications

References 254 publications

Sustainable Upcycling of Spent Electric Vehicle Anodes into Solution-Processable Graphene Nanomaterials

Sustainable Upcycling of Spent Electric Vehicle Anodes into Solution-Processable Graphene Nanomaterials

Sustainable up-cycling of spent electric vehicle anodes into solution processable graphene nanomaterials

Strong spin-ferromagnetic order and active dyes-depollution performance of CuO semiconductor: Gd and Gd/Mn dopants

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