“…Normally, POC assay devices with obvious advantages, such as low-cost, ease of use, and real-time monitoring, are designed to be portable for fewer resources requirement than clinical diagnosis [ 4 , 5 ]. To meet the criterion in demanded for cost-effective POC diagnostic devices, various substrates with advantage of macro- and mesoporous structures, ease of folded manufacturing, and well-established surface modification, have been widely explored [ 6 , 7 , 8 ]. Among them, a microfluidic paper-based analytical device ( μ PAD) has become one of the most generally employed POC assay devices applied in many areas, such as, pregnancy testing, drug abuse, and blood infection diagnoses, which is attribute to the intrinsic merits of cellulose paper, including easy functionalization, good biodegradability, and acceptable biocompatibility, in the construction of portable diagnostic devices [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ].…”