Challenges of High Renewable Energy Sources Integration in Power Systems—The Case of Croatia

Abstract

This paper presents a high-level overview of the integration of renewable energy sources (RES), primarily wind and solar, into the electric power system (EPS) in Croatia. It presents transmission system integration aspects for the particular case of this country. It explains the current situation and technical characteristics of the current conventional generation units and currently installed wind energy capacities. Based on the current situation future development scenario is determined and used to evaluate the impacts of the wide-scale integration of renewables. Grid connections aspects, power balancing, market participation, and inertia reduction aspects are considered. Furthermore, some specifics of both solar and wind integration are discussed identifying problems and potential solutions. Primarily through the provision of the inertial response of both solar and wind and through better forecasting of wind production. Finally, the outlook for the Croatian power system is given, that will most probably double its RES capacity in the coming 3-year period and a certain level of investments and changes of current operational practices will need to be provided.

A Joint Optimization Algorithm for Renewable Energy System

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Optimal Operation of a Photovoltaic Integrated Captive Cogeneration Plant with a Utility Grid Using Optimization and Machine Learning Prediction Methods

“…The authors in [16] performed a case study on the reactive power management of a PV integrated cogeneration power plant to determine the effects of higher PV integrations and protection issues [17] and suggested certain guidelines for RE integration. The authors in [18] have studied the challenges with high RE penetration of Croatia and confirmed that even a 30% RE penetration itself will cause voltage and frequency problems. They have suggested to adopt novel methodologies to mitigate the higher RE penetration effects.…”

Research on Primary Frequency Modulation Online Monitoring and Assessment Management System Under “Master–Sub” Control Station Model

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