Challenges of Engineering Grain Boundaries in Boron-Based Armor Ceramics

Coleman, Shawn P.; Hernández–Rivera, Efraín; Behler, Kristopher; Synowczynski-Dunn, Jennifer; Tschopp, Mark A.

doi:10.1007/s11837-016-1856-7

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…Changes in the structure and chemistry of GBs could strongly influence the mechanical properties of ceramics. Tremendous research efforts have been devoted to enhancing the mechanical properties via GB engineering approaches that include controlling the grain size [90,[274][275][276][277]; doping with dilute amount of rare earth elements [90,278,279]; forming glassy nanolayer films at GBs [200,280]; and optimizing the GB character distribution by introducing a high frequency of low-angle GBs [281]. Despite these important improvements, fundamental breakthroughs in the understanding of the correlations between GB structure and mechanical response is needed for the development of ceramic components with superior mechanical reliability.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Grain Boundary and Heterointerface Characterization in Polycrystalline Oxides by (Scanning) Transmission Electron Microscopy

et al. 2021

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Interfaces such as grain boundaries (GBs) and heterointerfaces (HIs) are known to play a crucial role in structure-property relationships of polycrystalline materials. While several methods have been used to characterize such interfaces, advanced transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning TEM (STEM) techniques have proven to be uniquely powerful tools, enabling quantification of atomic structure, electronic structure, chemistry, order/disorder, and point defect distributions below the atomic scale. This review focuses on recent progress in characterization of polycrystalline oxide interfaces using S/TEM techniques including imaging, analytical spectroscopies such as energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS) and electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) and scanning diffraction methods such as precession electron nano diffraction (PEND) and 4D-STEM. First, a brief introduction to interfaces, GBs, HIs, and relevant techniques is given. Then, experimental studies which directly correlate GB/HI S/TEM characterization with measured properties of polycrystalline oxides are presented to both strengthen our understanding of these interfaces, and to demonstrate the instrumental capabilities available in the S/TEM. Finally, existing challenges and future development opportunities are discussed. In summary, this article is prepared as a guide for scientists and engineers interested in learning about, and/or using advanced S/TEM techniques to characterize interfaces in polycrystalline materials, particularly ceramic oxides.

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Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Grain Boundary and Heterointerface Characterization in Polycrystalline Oxides by (Scanning) Transmission Electron Microscopy

et al. 2021

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“…29,30 The physics of resin flow into a mold under pressure is similar to the seepage problem and so similar approaches have been used also to model the flow of resin into a mold containing fiber mats. 23,[31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] The models are used in these cases to determine the resin flow front and mold filling times corresponding to different infiltration conditions.…”

Section: ζ-Factor Microanalysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is also important that microstructural characterization is completed on multiple length scales (e.g., macroscopic, microscopic, and nanoscopic) to best support the materials‐by‐design loop. For instance, at the macroscopic length scale, determination of flaw size distribution is necessary to guide fracture and fragmentation simulations, while at the microscopic length scale, determination of pore and second phase distribution is necessary to guide material processing parameters to achieve dense parts, and finally, at the nanometer length scale, examination of grain‐boundary structure and composition is necessary to enhance crack deflection and grain bridging to maximize fracture resistance 30–32 . Modern materials characterization techniques (e.g., X‐ray diffraction (XRD), 33 scanning electron microscopy (SEM), 34 combustion gas analysis, 35 Raman spectroscopy, 36 etc.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…29,30 The physics of resin under pressure is similar to the seepage pr lar approaches have been used also to mod into a mold containing fiber mats. 23,[31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] T in these cases to determine the resin flow ing times corresponding to different infilt Preceramic polycarbosilane polymers as precursors to make ceramic fibers 10,3 trix. [7][8][9]40,41 The chemical and volume ch pany ceramization of the polymer during documented in several studies.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Applications of analytical electron microscopy to guide the design of boron carbide

et al. 2021

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A materials-by-design approach is currently being undertaken to accelerate the development of future generations of high-performance ceramics, metals, and composites. The design approach involves iterations of physically based simulations, 1-3 material processing, 4,5 and bulk material testing, [6][7][8] which in this combination, completes a "materials-by-design loop". 9 Boron carbide 10 is being researched as a model system due to its ultrahigh hardness and low density. 11,12 Within this effort, research has focused on understanding the effects of microstructure and composition on the physical mechanisms which govern the inelastic response of boron carbide during high-rate, large deformation, and non-hydrostatic loading conditions typical of ballistic events. These mechanisms include bulk quasi plasticity, 13,14 stress-induced amorphization, [15][16][17][18] fracture and fragmentation, 7,19-21 and granular flow. 22 It has also been discovered/validated that mechanical performance of boron carbide (i.e., hardness

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“…These days there is a range of materials with a shock resistant surface [1][2][3]. Those include armor ceramics made of different materials [4][5][6]. The most effective ceramics from boron carbide [7; 8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concrete Surfacing Using Surface Energy of Nanoparticles

Sychova¹,

Svatovskaya²,

Starchukov³

et al. 2018

IJET

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This article considers scientific and practical principles of concrete surfacing. As it was found, such production can be done by impregnating the surface of high-strength concrete with silica sol, measuring the surface energy of nanoparticles introduced. A technique was introduced for calculating surface energy of sols, so was the range of energy necessary to create concrete with a shock resistant surface, determined by measurement and calculation. The content contains possible reactions resulting in new phases in the concrete top during the impregnation with silica sol. Physical and mechanical characteristics of surfaced concrete were also outlined ad considered, so were the XRD data and electron microscopy data. Various types of energy used to surface concrete until high dynamic strength were compared. This article provides evidence that surface energy of sol nanoparticles can be considered as an independent alternative source.

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Challenges of Engineering Grain Boundaries in Boron-Based Armor Ceramics

Cited by 13 publications

References 96 publications

A Review of Grain Boundary and Heterointerface Characterization in Polycrystalline Oxides by (Scanning) Transmission Electron Microscopy

A Review of Grain Boundary and Heterointerface Characterization in Polycrystalline Oxides by (Scanning) Transmission Electron Microscopy

Applications of analytical electron microscopy to guide the design of boron carbide

Concrete Surfacing Using Surface Energy of Nanoparticles

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