Challenges in the serological evaluation of dogs clinically suspect for canine leishmaniasis

Sousa, Susana; Amorim, Célia G.; Carvalho, Nuno Lima de; Carvalho, Hugo Lima de; Felgueiras, Óscar; Brito, Margarida; Cordeiro-da-Silva, Anabela

doi:10.1038/s41598-020-60067-6

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…It should be emphasized that 90% of the sample that were concomitantly positive for L. infantum and E. canis presented hyperglobulinemia, which may have been associated with the immune response to the two agents or, especially, to infection by E. canis. High globulin concentrations presented a significant relationship with seropositivity for E. canis, corroborating with the findings of previous studies (MARCONDES et al 2006) and may be associated with a monoclonal or polyclonal gammopathy in E. canis infections leading to a diminished albumin-globulin ratio (NETO, 2011;KATAOKA et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Serum Protein Profile as a Biomarker in Diagnosing Leishmaniosis and Monocytic Ehrlichiosis in Dogs

Santos

Paiffer

Viroel

et al. 2021

Ars Vet

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Diagnosing Canine Visceral Leishmaniosis is challenging for veterinarians given that its hematological and biochemical abnormalities greatly resemble those of other illnesses of dogs, such as canine ehrlichiosis, which is caused by Ehrlichia canis and is highly prevalent with high pathogenicity. The aim of this study was to determine occurrences of serological positivity for the antigens of Ehrlichia canis and Leishmania infantum and its relationship to globulin concentrations in samples from dogs. Out of 93 samples tested, 12.9% were negative for the antigens of both L. infantum and E. canis; 33.3% were seropositive for both antigens. Discordant results were found from 18.3% that were positive only for L. infantum, while 35.5% were positive only for E. canis. Hyperglobulinemia was observed in 88.2% and the statistical analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between the high levels of globulins and seropositivity for the antigen of E. canis. However, the relationship between positivity for the antigen of L. infantum and hyperglobulinemia, showed that there was no statistically significant relationship between the two laboratory findings. From these results, it can be concluded that concomitant infections occur frequently and that hyperglobulinemia is more closely related to ehrlichiosis than to leishmaniosis, in dogs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Serum Protein Profile as a Biomarker in Diagnosing Leishmaniosis and Monocytic Ehrlichiosis in Dogs

Santos

Paiffer

Viroel

et al. 2021

Ars Vet

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“…Theoretically, the infection rate of dogs and sand ies were important indicators of MT-ZVL transmission risk assessment, but the weight value of these indicator in this study were low, which may be related to the di culty or low operability of detecting the infection rate in sand ies and asymptomatic dogs [42].…”

Section: The Degree Of Coordination Of Expert Opinionsmentioning

confidence: 61%

Establishment of an indicator framework for transmission risk of the Mountain-Type Zoonotic Visceral Leishmaniasis based on the Delphi-entropy weight method

Luo¹,

Zhou²,

Hao³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is one of the most important neglected tropical diseases transmitted by the biting of sandflies. Although VL has been eliminated in several regions of China during the last century, the mountain-type zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (MT-ZVL) have reemerged in the hilly areas of China in recent decades. The purpose of this study is to set up an indicator framework for assessing the transmission risk of the MT-ZVL in China, to provide insights into the formulation of MT-ZVL control strategies.Methods: A 3-level indicator framework was established based on literature review and expert interviews. The indicator system was screened according to scientific information, necessity, operability, and the weighted importance scoring of the indicators, and the normalized weight of each indicator are calculated. The reliability of the Delphi method was evaluated by the positive coefficient of the experts, the degree of expert authority, and the coordination coefficient of experts' opinions. The comprehensive weight of the tertiary indicators was determined by the Delphi and the entropy weight method. Results: A total of 30 questionnaires were delivered, and 28 received valid responses (93.3%). The expert authority coefficients were greater than 0.80 after two rounds of expert consultation, and the coordination coefficient of the experts’ opinions was 0.250−0.277 and 0.187−0.272 in each round, respectively (all, P < 0.05). An indicator framework was finally established including four primary indicators, 11 secondary indicators, and 35 tertiary indicators. Among the primary indicators, the variable with the highest normalized weight was biological factors (0.268), followed by interventions (0.261), environmental factors (0.242), and social factors (0.229). Among the secondary indicators, the top 4 normalized weights included climatic features (0.122), geographical features (0.120), sandflies (0.097), and dogs (0.096). Among the tertiary indicators, the top 4 normalized comprehensive weights were the population density of sandflies (0.075), topography (0.057), the population density of dogs and dog tethering (0.056) and the use of bed nets or other protective measures (0.056). Conclusions: This study constructed an indicator framework for assessing the transmission risk and strengthening public health education of MT-ZVL based on the Delphi and entropy weight method, and provided insights into formulating strategies and measures for the prevention and control of MT-ZVL in China.

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“…This cut off could be similar or different to other species such as dogs and cats. In domestic ferrets (Giner, 2020a) and cats ( Iatta et al., 2020 ), cut off was set at 1:80 dilution for IFAT, whilst, in dogs was set from 1/20 to 1/160 ( Santarém et al., 2020 ). In general, serological techniques must be adapted to the animal species, first, for example, using different FITC-conjugate for IFAT and then validated to evaluate diagnostic measures including sensitivity and specificity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leishmaniosis caused by Leishmania infantum in ferrets: Update review

Villanueva‐Saz

Giner

Marteles

et al. 2022

Veterinary and Animal Science

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Leishmaniosis in domestic ferrets ( Mustela putorius furo ) is a disease caused by Leishmania infantum , a parasite transmitted through the bite of an infected female phlebotomine sand fly. Among vertebrates, the dog is the primary domestic reservoir of the parasite; however, other domestic animals can be implicated such as cats. The first description of a clinical case of leishmaniosis in domestic ferrets was reported recently. As a result, new knowledge has been published including empirically based treatment protocols, confirmatory techniques to detect the presence of the parasite infection and seasonal variation in the antibodies against Leishmania in apparently healthy domestic ferrets. The most common clinical signs observed are enlargement of peripheral lymph nodes and skin lesions such as papular and/or ulcerative dermatitis. Additionally, the most frequent laboratory alterations seen are hyperproteinaemia with hyperglobulinaemia and biochemical analytes alterations depending on the affected tissue. Two different therapeutic protocols have been described to treat domestic ferrets with leishmaniosis: meglumine antimoniate plus allopurinol protocol or miltefosine plus allopurinol protocol. These treatment protocols seemed to be able to control the Leishmania infection, although the presence of xanthinuria could be detected. The susceptibility of domestic ferrets to Leishmania infantum , the clinical picture, treatment of infected animals and prevention are poorly understood, due to the scarcity of recent description in the literature. Different proposed diagnostic algorithms have been included for domestic ferrets with suspected leishmaniosis, clinically healthy domestic ferrets and animals as blood donors. In this sense, the present review provides updated data on scientific knowledge of leishmaniosis in ferrets.

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Challenges in the serological evaluation of dogs clinically suspect for canine leishmaniasis

Cited by 12 publications

References 17 publications

Serum Protein Profile as a Biomarker in Diagnosing Leishmaniosis and Monocytic Ehrlichiosis in Dogs

Serum Protein Profile as a Biomarker in Diagnosing Leishmaniosis and Monocytic Ehrlichiosis in Dogs

Establishment of an indicator framework for transmission risk of the Mountain-Type Zoonotic Visceral Leishmaniasis based on the Delphi-entropy weight method

Leishmaniosis caused by Leishmania infantum in ferrets: Update review

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