Challenges in the Preparation of Optical Polymer Composites With Nanosized Pigment Particles: A Review on Recent Efforts

Demir, Mustafa M.; Wegner, Gerhard

doi:10.1002/mame.201200089

Cited by 48 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 129 publications

(106 reference statements)

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“…Another major topic would be the mixing of DPs with nanoscale-sized pigments. It is expected that depletion phenomena, that is formation of clusters of particles from an initially homogeneous distribution of particles in the solvent swollen matrix of the polymer, will not occur for particles which are smaller than the characteristic dimension of the DPs that is cross-section radius and persistence length [ 63 , 64 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solvent induced phenomena in a dendronized linear polymer

et al. 2013

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The properties of a dendronized linear polymer (DP) in dilute solutions depending on solvent quality and temperature are described. The polymer has a contour length of Lc = 1,060 nm. The sample of the fourth generation (PG4) was analyzed in the thermodynamically good solvents dioxane, chloroform, and methanol. The wormlike macromolecule has a persistence length lp = 7 nm in dioxane and a cross-section radius determined by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) of Rc (SAXS) = 2.8 nm. The bulk density of PG4 determined by SAXS was compared with solution density. Evidence for substantial swelling of the cross-section was found. Toluene acts as a thermodynamically poor solvent (θ solvent). Above the θ temperature Tθ, a strong temperature dependence of the size and the Young’s modulus E was observed. Following Odijk, E/kBT ∼1 was found. Below Tθ, a regime characterized by unswelling of the wormlike chains was observed. The results suggest that DPs can be described as soft colloid filaments, which are subject to commonly observed interactions in colloidal systems. A phase diagram indicates a regime below Tθ in which fluctuations of osmotic pressure inside the filaments result in periodic undulation of the chains. In summary, introducing a dense dendritic shell around the backbone converts conventional polymers into molecular colloids.FigureᅟElectronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00396-013-3007-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solvent induced phenomena in a dendronized linear polymer

et al. 2013

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“…To benefit from these properties and to make them accessible for particular applications, the combination with polymer materials is often necessary [6,7]. As an example, the use of polymers as supporting materials can help to avoid agglomeration of the inorganic material in coating applications [8][9][10]. They can also either protect reactive materials for catalytic applications or, vice versa, provide a better contact to the surrounding reaction medium [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Structure control in PMMA/silica hybrid nanoparticles by surface functionalization

et al. 2014

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Hydrophilic silica particles need to be hydrophobized to be encapsulated in a polymeric environment, which can be achieved by different methods. We report on the relationship between different hydrophobization techniques of silica and the final structure of poly(methyl methacrylate)/silica hybrid nanoparticles obtained by miniemulsion polymerization. Hydrophobization by cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTMA-Cl) uses the ionic interaction between the positively charged ammonium salt and the negatively charged silica surface, as shown by isothermal titration calorimetry. In this case, the interaction between polymer and silica surface needs to be enhanced, so 4-vinylpyridine (4-VP) was used as a co-monomer. Alternatively, the condensation reactions of 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS) and octadecyltrimethoxysilane (ODTMS) were used to provide a covalent bond to the silica surface. The condensation reaction of the trimethoxysilane groups onto the silica surface was proven by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Hybrid nanoparticles were successfully formed with silica particles functionalized with the different functionalization agents. However, the structure of the resulting hybrid particles (i.e., the distribution of the silica particles within the polymer matrix) depends on the agent. The MPS-functionalized silica particles copolymerize with poly(methyl methacrylate), leading to a fixation of the silica particles inside the polymer and to a homogeneous distribution. The CTMA-Cl-and ODTMSfunctionalized silica particles cannot copolymerize, but aggregate at the interface, leading to a Janus-like structure.

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“…In the light of previous considerations, it is clear that controlling the dispersion of nanoparticles inside polymer matrices is crucial to fully exploit the potential of polymer nanocomposites. In this sense, the using of suitable compounding technique is strictly required [5]. Various approaches have been proposed to manufacture well dispersed INP-based polymer nanocomposites.…”

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confidence: 99%

Dispersing hydrophilic nanoparticles in hydrophobic polymers: HDPE/ZnO nanocomposites by a novel template-based approach

Luna¹,

Galizia²,

Wojnarowicz³

et al. 2014

Express Polym. Lett.

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The efficiency of a novel template-based approach for the dispersion of hydrophilic nanoparticles within hydrophobic polymer matrices is investigated. The procedure envisages the permeation of a well dispersed nanoparticle suspension inside a micro-porous matrix, obtained through selective extraction of a sacrificial phase from a finely interpenetrated co-continuous polymer blend. Specifically, a blend of high density polyethylene (HDPE) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) at 50/50 wt% is prepared by melt mixing. The addition of small amounts of organo-clay promotes the necessary refinement of the blend morphology. Once removed the PEO, the micro-porous HDPE matrix is dipped in a colloidal suspension of zinc oxide nanoparticles which exhibits low interfacial tension with HDPE. A system prepared by traditional melt mixing is used as reference. Melt- and solid-state viscoelastic measurements reveal a good quality of the filler dispersion despite the uneven distribution on micro-scale. The latter can be capitalized to minimize the filler content to attain a certain improvement of the material properties or to design nano-structured polymer composites

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Challenges in the Preparation of Optical Polymer Composites With Nanosized Pigment Particles: A Review on Recent Efforts

Cited by 48 publications

References 129 publications

Solvent induced phenomena in a dendronized linear polymer

Solvent induced phenomena in a dendronized linear polymer

Structure control in PMMA/silica hybrid nanoparticles by surface functionalization

Dispersing hydrophilic nanoparticles in hydrophobic polymers: HDPE/ZnO nanocomposites by a novel template-based approach

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