Challenges in the electrochemical compression of an ammonia-hydrogen blend

Aryal, Utsav Raj; Sivakumar, Premanand O.; Bahar, Bamdad; Prasad, Ajay K.

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.09.076

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 39 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…3,25 Further work on this system looked at the backflow of ammonia and hydrogen through the Nafion TM membrane and found that when the cathode compartment was pressurized, back diffusion of ammonia occurred at a much higher rate than hydrogen. 26 This effect was also observed when running a stack, where the back diffusion at higher pressures reduced the isentropic efficiency. However, increasing the cell current leads to a higher ammonia ratio in the exhaust gas because larger current values promote the forward flow of ammonia across the membrane while the back diffusion rate is constant.…”

Section: Electrochemical Ammonia Compression and Purificationmentioning

confidence: 81%

Electrochemical Gas Separations for Green Energy Integration

Stracensky,

2024

Electrochem. Soc. Interface

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Separation and purification of molecules and compounds is one of the fundamental processes of chemistry and a hugely important factor in industrialization, accounting for as much as 15% of world’s energy consumption. As the world tries to limit and reduce the effects of climate change, simultaneous development of a green chemical economy and carbon sequestration strategies are needed. Both these goals need to effectively and efficiently separate gas phase molecules to make the implementation of these technologies feasible, requiring an even higher demand for economical and green gas phase separation. The current methods of gas phase separation used in industry rely predominantly on inefficient processes, such as cryogenic distillation or temperature or pressure swing absorption. Gas phase separation by electrochemical means can offer theoretically high energy efficiency separation, as the energy supplied can operate exclusively on the molecule of interest, if proper material and design criteria are met, while traditional methods act upon the entire gas mixture. Additionally, electrochemical separations can reduce the number of steps needed as they can simultaneously separate and compress the purified gas, easing the demand for high energy processing required when using mechanical pumps. However, the effectiveness of these technologies depends largely on the operating conditions and materials that make up the electrochemical cell. Thus, a key factor driving improvement in this field relies heavily on material development, such as improved membranes/separators, catalysts, and other cell materials which can in turn give rise to novel techniques and high performance of the electrochemically driven devices. Electrochemical gas phase separations integrated with green energy are critical to reaching climate change targets, but they in turn rely on the development of novel materials at enlarged scales and implementation of these technologies at reduced costs. In this article, we discuss the principles and applications of three electrochemical gas separations: hydrogen (H2) pump, ammonia (NH3)compression, and carbon dioxide (CO2) separation.

show abstract

Section: Electrochemical Ammonia Compression and Purificationmentioning

confidence: 81%

Electrochemical Gas Separations for Green Energy Integration

Stracensky,

2024

Electrochem. Soc. Interface

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…13 It is also worth noting that an electrochemical hydrogen pump can be used to purify and compress ammonia when using hydrogen as a carrier gas (e.g., separating ammonia and hydrogen from nitrogen in a mixture; the ammonia can be separated from hydrogen via cooling and condensation of the ammonia). 34 As part of the circular economy, it has been proposed to use biomass resources to generate hydrocarbon fuels and feedstocks used in chemical manufacturing. 35 Plants and other biological systems uptake CO 2 and use it as a carbon source to generate biomass.…”

Section: An Introduction To Electrochemical Separationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Chalkboard: An Introduction to Electrochemical Separations

Arges

2024

Electrochem. Soc. Interface

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Chemical separations are a cornerstone of industrial manufacturing processes that generate products and services that have improved the standard of living for humans across the globe. To give some context as to how ubiquitous separations are in the modern world, they are involved in the production of fuels, medicines, clean water, fertilizers, materials used in semiconductor chip manufacturing, and other goods. A 2019 report by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine highlights that chemical separations account for about 10 to 15% of energy use in the United States. Of the four broad sectors (residential, transportation, industry, and commerce) that use energy in the United States, industry has the largest use at 32% and about half of the energy use in industry hails from separations. It is likely that the transportation and residential sectors will experience significant decarbonization in the next 25 years with the proliferation of wind and solar energy sources coupled with electrochemical energy storage and electrification of vehicles. Industrial decarbonization, on the other hand, is far more complex and challenging and it is imperative that future engineers and scientists work hard to devise alternative processes that can be powered on renewable electrons while generating little waste to produce the goods and services that make up our modern lives.

show abstract