Challenges in the design and synthesis of self-assembling molecules as selective contacts in perovskite solar cells

Puerto Galvis, Carlos E.; González Ruiz, Dora A.; Martínez-Ferrero, Eugenia; Palomares, Emilio

doi:10.1039/d3sc04668k

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…[ 15–17 ] Researchers have also delved into modifying the spacer groups to improve charge transport properties and self‐assembly behavior and incorporating various functional groups to fine‐tune optoelectronic properties and energy‐level alignment. [ 18–20 ] Despite these efforts, further investigations into the interaction at the perovskite/hole transport layer interface remain necessary.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Interactions at the Interface: Tailoring Carbazole‐Based Self‐Assembled Molecules with Varying Functional Groups for Enhancing the Performance of Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

González,

Puerto Galvis,

et al. 2024

Solar RRL

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Four different carbazole‐based self‐assembled molecules with different terminal groups have been designed and synthesised as hole‐selective contacts for inverted perovskite solar cells to investigate their interfacial interactions and, consequently, the performance of the devices. Using the carbazole core as a reference, we compared the effect of the thiophen‐2‐yl phenyl, or the hydroxymethyl phenyl attached to the core through a phenyl moiety, with that of the thiophene directly linked to the carbazole. These new self‐assembled molecules have been successfully synthesized using cost‐effective starting materials and a straightforward synthetic method, eliminating the need for expensive and complex purification processes. Subsequently, they have been applied as efficient hole‐selective contact in inverted perovskite solar cells, leading to an outstanding power conversion efficiency of 19.67% in the case of SAM5, containing a carbazole‐core substituted with double 2‐phenylthiophene side arms as functional group. The detailed characterization of the interface and the charge kinetics has allowed us to determine the effect of each substituent.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Interactions at the Interface: Tailoring Carbazole‐Based Self‐Assembled Molecules with Varying Functional Groups for Enhancing the Performance of Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

González,

Puerto Galvis,

et al. 2024

Solar RRL

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“…The SAM molecules have functional groups that allow them to bind to the substrate. The thermodynamically stable formation of the monolayer depends on the chemical adsorption of the molecules on the surface of the substrate and on the intermolecular interactions . SAMs consist of three main parts: The headgroup/anchoring group interacts chemically with the surface allowing the molecules to attach on the surface, while the spacer/linkage group controls the assembly process of the molecules through van der Waals interactions that determine the optoelectronic properties of the SAM .…”

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confidence: 99%

Sustainable Mixed-Halide Perovskite Resistive Switching Memories Using Self-Assembled Monolayers as the Bottom Contact

Loizos,

Rogdakis,

Kymakis

2024

J. Phys. Chem. Lett.

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The complex ionic-electronic conduction in mixed halide perovskites enables their use beyond von Neumann architectures implemented in resistive switching memory devices. Although device fabrication based on perovskite compounds involves solutionprocessing at low temperatures, reducing further fabrication costs by eliminating expensive materials can improve their compatibility with upscalable deposition techniques. Notably, the substrate on which the perovskite active layer is developed has been reported to severely affect its quality and thus the overall device performance. Hereby, we demonstrate the sustainable manufacturing of memristive perovskite solar cells by replacing the expensive poly[bis(4phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA) that serves as a hole transporting layer (HTL) with a self-assembled monolayer (SAM), namely [2-(3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid (MeO-2PACz). Multiple sequential memristive current−voltage characteristics of single devices are reported, and average data of multiple reference and targeted devices are compared. Resistive switching memory devices based on SAM exhibit improved performance having reduced average SET voltage values and narrower statistical variation compared to reference devices with PTAA. It is shown that both PTAA and SAM based devices exhibit high ON/OFF ratio of about 10 3 operating at low switching electric fields. Replacing an expensive polymer-based HTL with this approach reduces fabrication costs compared to PTAA.

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Sputtered NiO Interlayer for Improved Self‐Assembled Monolayer Coverage and Pin‐Hole Free Perovskite Coating for Scalable Near‐Infrared‐Transparent Perovskite and 4‐Terminal All‐Thin‐Film Tandem Modules

Kothandaraman,

Siegrist,

Dussouillez

et al. 2024

Solar RRL

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The use of carbazole‐based self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) as a hole transport layer (HTL) has led to the efficiency advancement in p‐i‐n perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, PSCs with SAM HTL display a large spread in device performance even on small‐area substrates owing to poor SAM surface coverage and dewetting of the perovskite ink. Efforts to improve the uniformity in device performance of SAM‐based PSCs have been confined to spin‐coating method, which lacks high‐throughput capabilities and leads to excessive material wastage. In this work, we utilize a scalable bi‐layer HTL stack with sputtered NiO and blade‐coated SAM to achieve improved SAM coverage and accomplish uniform coating of perovskite absorber on 5 cm × 5 cm substrates. We achieve fully scalable p‐i‐n PSCs with efficiency close to 19% with minimal spread in device performance. To showcase the upscaling potential, near‐infrared‐transparent perovskite mini‐modules with efficiency close to 15% and 13% were achieved on an aperture area of 2.56 cm2 and 12.96 cm2. Together with low‐bandgap (1.0 to 1.1 eV) Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) mini‐modules, we demonstrate the first fully scalable 4‐terminal perovskite‐CIGS tandem mini‐module with an efficiency of 20.5% and 16.9% on an aperture area of 2.03 cm2 and 10.23 cm2.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Challenges in the design and synthesis of self-assembling molecules as selective contacts in perovskite solar cells

Abstract: Self-assembling molecules (SAMs), as selective contacts, play an important role in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), determining the performance and stability of these photovoltaic devices. These materials offer many advantages over...

Cited by 7 publications

References 118 publications

Exploring the Interactions at the Interface: Tailoring Carbazole‐Based Self‐Assembled Molecules with Varying Functional Groups for Enhancing the Performance of Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

Exploring the Interactions at the Interface: Tailoring Carbazole‐Based Self‐Assembled Molecules with Varying Functional Groups for Enhancing the Performance of Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

Sustainable Mixed-Halide Perovskite Resistive Switching Memories Using Self-Assembled Monolayers as the Bottom Contact

Sputtered NiO Interlayer for Improved Self‐Assembled Monolayer Coverage and Pin‐Hole Free Perovskite Coating for Scalable Near‐Infrared‐Transparent Perovskite and 4‐Terminal All‐Thin‐Film Tandem Modules

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