Challenges in Polymerization in Dispersed Media

Asúa, José M.

doi:10.1007/12_2017_21

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 284 publications

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“…10 However, all current commercial emulsion polymers (styrene−butadiene, acrylic, vinyl acetate...) are exclusively prepared by chain radical polymerization carried out in tank reactors using a thermal or redox radical initiator. 11 Although further progress should be made in the future, all advances will necessarily be limited by the boundaries imposed by the mechanism of chain radical polymerization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its sustained development is ensured by new environmental regulations and some key technical advantages of latex products including low viscosity, high molecular weights, heat removal capacity, water as the possible continuous phase, and so forth . However, all current commercial emulsion polymers (styrene–butadiene, acrylic, vinyl acetate...) are exclusively prepared by chain radical polymerization carried out in tank reactors using a thermal or redox radical initiator . Although further progress should be made in the future, all advances will necessarily be limited by the boundaries imposed by the mechanism of chain radical polymerization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ab Initio Batch Emulsion Thiol–Ene Photopolymerization

Schmutz

Chemtob

2020

Macromolecules

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Very few step polymer latexes have been produced by aqueous emulsion polymerization, and never with a clear picture of the operating mechanism. Therefore, finding new means to expand this widely process industrially beyond chain radical polymerization is highly desirable. Herein, we report the successful photoinitiated thiol-ene radical polyaddition of an emulsion based on two bifunctional monomers diallyl phthalate and 2,2-(ethylenedioxy)diethanedithiol. After 20 min irradiation (λ max = 385 nm, 3.7 mW cm -2 ), polymerization has resulted in a conversion above 99%, a coagulum-free poly(thioether) latex with a solids content of 10 wt%, a number-average

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ab Initio Batch Emulsion Thiol–Ene Photopolymerization

Schmutz

Chemtob

2020

Macromolecules

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“…Polymer dispersions with controlled physical, physicochemical and colloidal properties are the subject of intensive research over many decades because of their wide range of applications. 1 Among these polymer dispersions, functional polymer particles bearing surface reactive groups are employed in many fields including chromatography (as column-filling materials), [2][3][4] biosensors, 5,6 contrast agents for medical imaging, [7][8][9] medical diagnostics 9,10 and drug delivery. 11 The functional surface reactive group may be a carboxyl group, [12][13][14] a hydroxyl group, 15 an ester group, 16,17 an amine group, [18][19][20][21][22] a protein 23,24 or any other specific group depending on the intended application.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polystyrene latex particles bearing primary amine groups via soap‐free emulsion polymerization

Marmey

Lebaz

Eissa

et al. 2020

Polymer International

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Polystyrene latexes were prepared in the presence of an amino‐containing functional comonomer, N‐(3‐aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride (APMH), via soap‐free batch emulsion polymerization initiated by the cationic initiator 2,2′‐azobis(2‐amidinopropane) dihydrochloride. These latexes were characterized by studying the influence of the ionic comonomers on the polymerization kinetics, particle size, surface charge density and colloidal properties. The synthesized latexes were monodisperse with a final size between 100 and 600 nm depending on the APMH concentration. The initial polymerization rate and the particle number increased in accordance with the Smith–Ewart theory for soap‐free styrene emulsion polymerization with a hydrophilic functional comonomer. The final functionalization rate of the particles has been particularly studied with the intention of fitting the prepared latexes to be used in the immobilization of biological molecules for biological sample preparation and diagnostic applications. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry

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“…Waterborne polymeric dispersions account for about 10% of the world’s polymer production [ 1 ], meaning an absolute value of 10 million metric tonnes as dry polymer in 2013, with an increasing trend [ 2 ]. Emulsion polymerization is the leading technique to produce such kind of materials, which find application in large volume fields, as adhesives, paper coating, carpet backing and industrial or architectural coatings, as well as biomedical and pharmaceutical applications [ 2 , 3 ]. Hydrophobic colloids are intrinsically unstable systems from the thermodynamic point of view, and in the absence of surfactants, van der Waals forces cause a rapid coagulation of these systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-Pot Synthesis of Waterborne Polymeric Dispersions Stabilized with Alkali-Soluble Resins

2018

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Alkali-soluble resins (ASRs) are a type of electrosteric emulsifiers of high interest because they can profitably improve the features of waterborne dispersions. In this work, they have been synthesized in-situ through a one-pot approach and they have been used as polymeric surfactants for a second emulsion polymerization step in the same reactor. This strategy provides some advantages compared to other polymerization techniques, like the intensification of the process and the absence of organic solvents. Their use can also further reduce the environmental impact of formulations for film-forming applications, since grafting reactions with the particles have been observed and quantified in relation with the synthetic parameters. These chemical linkages with the particles may reduce the leaching and the release of surfactants from polymeric films, for example in water-based coatings or adhesives. The systems have been also studied from the kinetics point of view, finding relevant differences with other electrosterically stabilized processes from the literature, as well as concerns the nucleation mechanism.

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Challenges in Polymerization in Dispersed Media

Cited by 5 publications

References 284 publications

Ab Initio Batch Emulsion Thiol–Ene Photopolymerization

Ab Initio Batch Emulsion Thiol–Ene Photopolymerization

Polystyrene latex particles bearing primary amine groups via soap‐free emulsion polymerization

One-Pot Synthesis of Waterborne Polymeric Dispersions Stabilized with Alkali-Soluble Resins

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