Challenges in horizontal integration of eye care services into the pre-existing rural primary care structure: an operations research perspective from Nigeria

Ezisi, Chinyere Nkemdilim; Eze, Boniface Ikenna; Okoye, Obiekwe; Chuka-Okosa, CM; Shiweobi, Jude

doi:10.5114/fmpcr.2017.70811

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 17 publications

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“…According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there is a global shortage of appropriately qualified medical healthcare professionals [4,5]. This is especially the case for low-and middle-income countries (LAMICs) [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

South Africa’s rural mental health human resource crisis: a situation analysis and call for innovative task-shifting

Kock¹,

Pillay²

2018

fmpcr

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Background. These data provide national estimates of the human resources and services available to address the mental health (MH) needs of over 17 million rural South Africans, reliant on public rural primary healthcare (PRPHC) facilities. With personnel regarded as the most valuable resource for service delivery within an Mh system, this review's aim was to inform policy on bridging the mental illness treatment gap that is as high as 85% in low-and middle-income countries (laMics). Objectives. The findings of three MH audits comprising 160 (98%) of South Africa's (SA) PRPHC facilities are synthesised here to provide a situation analysis of SA's PRPHC MH human resources and services. Material and methods. The review was based on the analysis of both primary and secondary data. Primary data were collected by interviewing the clinical heads of PRPHC facilities during the audits, while secondary data comprised a desk review. Results. Results indicate that MH nurses (MHNs), clinical psychologists, MH medical doctors (MHMDs) and psychiatrists are practicing in PRPHC areas at rates of 0.68, 0.47, 0.37 and 0.03 per 100 000 population, respectively; 96% of facilities do not have psychiatrists employed, while 81% have no MHMDs, 64% do not have clinical psychologists, and 61% have no MHNs; 69% do not receive specialist MH outreach services, while 78% do not have MH multidisciplinary teams. Conclusions. The MH workforce shortages in PRPHC areas are discussed in terms of the evidence based approaches of task-shifting and transdisciplinarity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

South Africa’s rural mental health human resource crisis: a situation analysis and call for innovative task-shifting

Kock¹,

Pillay²

2018

fmpcr

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Approaches for delivery of refractive and optical care services in community and primary care settings

Umaefulam,

Safi,

Lingham

et al. 2024

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

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Background Uncorrected refractive error is a leading cause of vision impairment which, in most cases, can be managed with the appropriate spectacle correction. In 2021, the World Health Assembly endorsed a global target of a 40‐percentage‐point increase in effective coverage of refractive error by 2030. To achieve this global target, equitable access to refractive and optical services within community and primary care settings needs to be strengthened. This review will inform the development of technical guidance to support improvements in the testing and correction of refractive error among World Health Organization (WHO) member states. Objectives To determine the range of approaches for delivery of refractive and optical care services in community and primary care settings, and the methods employed for their evaluation. Search methods We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase and Global Health databases, grey literature, and annual reports and websites of relevant organizations involved in eye‐care delivery from January 2002 to November 2022 to identify approaches for refractive and optical service delivery. Selection criteria We included observational and interventional studies, reviews, and reports from relevant organizations related to delivering refractive services and optical services for preschool and school‐aged children and adults in community and primary care settings published between January 2002 and November 2022. We searched for studies and reports published within the last 20 years because vision impairment due to uncorrected refractive error has only recently become a public health and eye health priority, therefore we did not expect to find much relevant literature until after 2002. Data collection and analysis Two review authors screened titles, abstracts and full texts, and extracted data. We resolved any discrepancies through discussion. We synthesized data, and presented results as tables, figures, and case studies. This project was led by the World Health Organization (WHO) Vision and Eye Care Programme. Main results We identified 175 studies from searches of databases and grey literature, 146 records from company reports, and 81 records from website searches of relevant organizations that matched our inclusion criteria. Delivery approaches for refractive and optical services in community care included school‐based, pharmacy, and outreach models, whereas primary care approaches comprised vision centre, health centre, and a combination of vision or health centre and door‐to‐door delivery. In community care, school‐based and outreach approaches were predominant, while in primary care, a vision‐centre approach was mainly used. In the WHO African region, the school‐based and outreach approaches were mainly reported while, in the Americas, the outreach approach was mostly used. Very few approaches for service delivery were...

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Challenges in horizontal integration of eye care services into the pre-existing rural primary care structure: an operations research perspective from Nigeria

Cited by 2 publications

References 17 publications

South Africa’s rural mental health human resource crisis: a situation analysis and call for innovative task-shifting

South Africa’s rural mental health human resource crisis: a situation analysis and call for innovative task-shifting

Approaches for delivery of refractive and optical care services in community and primary care settings

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