Challenges in field implementation of controlled energization for various equipment loads with circuit breakers considering diversified dielectric and mechanical characteristics

Parikh, Urmil; Bhalja, Bhavesh R.

doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2016.12.002

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…As mentioned earlier, making cannot be guaranteed to happen at a certain target time but a range around it, owing to RDDS and mechanical scatter. As discussed in [38], targeting points on the rising half of the absolute gap voltage results in a smaller making range around the target point. Thus, Q1 can be considered an optimal target point for making in the safe region of the first hump.…”

Section: A Controlled Switching On the V/v Transformermentioning

confidence: 98%

Mitigating the Inrush Current of V/V Transformers Using Railway Conditioners

Aghazadeh,

Hajipour,

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

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Inrush current is high-magnitude current drawn by power transformers upon energization. The severity of inrush current depends on factors such as the transformer's residual flux and the voltage phase angle at the energization instant. This paper proposes a flux matching method for the energization of V/V traction transformers to mitigate inrush current. This is achieved by adjusting the residual flux of the core to an appropriate reference value and then obtaining the proper energization instant. To this end, the method only requires knowledge of nominal voltage and excitation current, eliminating the need to acquire transformer's parameters/design information. The railway power conditioner, typically present at the low voltage side of the V/V transformer, is used as a current source to inject sinusoidal current into the transformer windings before its energization. The reference residual flux is calculated based on the circuit breaker operating characteristics. The energization instant is determined such that the adjusted flux density matches the steady-state flux expected with respect to the applied voltage. The proposed method is validated by conducting over 14,000 simulations under different conditions using PSCAD/EMTDC. The method is also implemented and successfully tested on a laboratory-scale test rig, which verifies its effectiveness in more realistic conditions.INDEX TERMS Inrush current, flux density, excitation current, railway power conditioners, V/V transformers.

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Section: A Controlled Switching On the V/v Transformermentioning

confidence: 98%

Mitigating the Inrush Current of V/V Transformers Using Railway Conditioners

Aghazadeh,

Hajipour,

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

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“…In order to mitigate the switching transients, close coordination between CB and load-side apparatus is highly desirable [30]. Therefore, the modelling of PIR-CB replicating actual operating condition is extremely important.…”

Section: Modelling Of Pir-cbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of controlled energisation of an unloaded power transformer for minimising the level of inrush current and transient voltage distortion using PIR‐CBs

Bhatt

Bhalja

Parikh³

2018

IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution

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“…The minimum requirements for CBs to be used in synchronous switching are given by manufacturers. If the mechanical scatter of the CB operating time is more than 1 ms or the RDDS is less than 1 pu, the considered CB is not suitable for synchronous switching (the base value for normalization of the RDDS is equal to the gradient of the source voltage wave at zero-crossing instants) [17][18][19]. Considering that the circuit breaker is subjected to close operation, as the gap between the primary contacts of the circuit breaker decreases, the dielectric strength between the contacts decreases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synchronous switching of uncompensated transmission line, by considering the effect of coupling voltage between the phases, trapped charge and the characteristics of CB

Karimonnafs

2023

IET Science Measure & Tech

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The synchronous closing technology is an effective way to reduce transient current and voltage, prevent equipment failures, and improve power quality. The proposed algorithm, first by considering the coupling voltages between phases and the residual voltages in an uncompensated transmission line, calculates the zero instant of the voltage curves (ZVC instant) across the poles of the circuit breaker (CB) that is ideally the optimum instant to close the CB. Although other studies have utilized ZVC detection by solely considering either coupling or residual voltages. Secondly, the algorithm seeks to account for the mechanical scattering time of the CB and the rate of decrease of dielectric strength (RDDS) by incorporating delay times into the previously calculated delay values. Although other works have investigated the effect of RDDS or mechanical scattering operation time on synchronous switching to some extent, they have not fulfilled any optimization taking both of them into account.By exerting this algorithm, each phase of CB is closed in the ideal optimum closing target (ZVC instant) with a maximum error of one sample, and then, taking into account the CB characteristics, by compensating the RDDS and mechanical scattering time, CB is energized in the optimal time interval, where pre‐strike voltages are minimized.

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Challenges in field implementation of controlled energization for various equipment loads with circuit breakers considering diversified dielectric and mechanical characteristics

Cited by 14 publications

References 10 publications

Mitigating the Inrush Current of V/V Transformers Using Railway Conditioners

Mitigating the Inrush Current of V/V Transformers Using Railway Conditioners

Evaluation of controlled energisation of an unloaded power transformer for minimising the level of inrush current and transient voltage distortion using PIR‐CBs

Synchronous switching of uncompensated transmission line, by considering the effect of coupling voltage between the phases, trapped charge and the characteristics of CB

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