Challenges in delivery and performance of a cervical cancer prevention program in the Kurdistan Region of the Iraq health system

Rasul, Vian H.; Moghdam, Zahra B.; Karim, Muaf Abdulla; Cheraghi, Mohhammad Ali

doi:10.1002/ijgo.12684

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…However, the results of the present study suggest that the cultural acceptability of HPV testing/screening for women in Iraq has yet to be determined. Personal embarrassment and humility may lead to non-disclosure of signs and symptoms ( Ali et al, 2017 ; Rasul et al, 2019 ). Modesty and reticence are social characteristics expected of women when discussing or visualizing the female body.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the role of nurses performing smears/HPV is not well established ( Ali et al, 2021 ; Ali, Skirton, Clark, & Donaldson, 2017 ). Previous studies have indicated the necessity for nurses to be adequately informed of HPV testing ( Rasul, Moghdam, Karim, & Cheraghi, 2019 ; Kolutek, & Avci, 2014 ; Wilson et al ., 2016 ). The Global Advisory Panel on the Future of Nursing (GAP-FON) was introduced in November 2016 with the goal of encouraging global nursing collaboration and enhancing global health ( Wilson et al ., 2016 ).…”

Section: Review Of Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

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“I am not a Good Woman?” Exploring the Views and Challenges of Nurses When Discussing HPV Testing and Associated Cervical Screening with Women in Iraq

2023

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Introduction Cervical cancer is mostly caused by high-risk Human papillomavirus HPV, with an estimation prevalence of HPV of 99.7% worldwide. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved an HPV test for primary cervical screening in 2014. An HPV-DNA test, which provides higher protection against invasive cervical carcinomas, is replacing the long-standing Pap smear as the primary method of cervical cancer screening. Objective To explore nurses’ experience and knowledge of HPV DNA testing and how screening impacts on women's health through increasing awareness and proposing actions for health education strategies. Method A qualitative exploratory study was conducted on a purposeful sample of 25 qualified nurses, who were all employed in regional hospitals within a gynecological department in Kirkuk, Iraq. The nurses were interviewed with a semi-structured topic guide between November 2021 and February 2022. Responses were transcribed verbatim, translated into English and analysed using a content thematic analysis approach. Results Four themes with associated sub-themes emerged following coding and peer review. Participants had lack of experience and fragmented knowledge of HPV DNA testing/screening. Culturally sensitive resources for patients and training for nurses was identified key requirements. Conclusions Currently, there are no facilities for a HPV testing/screening services available in Iraq. The role of nurses undertaking HPV screening is not established and yet nurses represent the largest sector of health professionals. The dissemination of a collaborative HPV screening training programme to include clinical competence and knowledge for nurses and gynaecologists may improve knowledge, and could also be effective in improving patient awareness and engagement with cervical health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Review Of Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“I am not a Good Woman?” Exploring the Views and Challenges of Nurses When Discussing HPV Testing and Associated Cervical Screening with Women in Iraq

2023

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“…According to studies by Ahmad and Almeida and those performed in North Korea and European countries, today the evaluation of the performance indicators of preventable cancer screening programs for optimal implementation is considered as the best preventive and costbenefit measure (17,(19)(20)(21). Many studies in several countries showed higher rates of mortality from cervical cancer due to the lack of screening resources (8).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ing program and evaluation of its performance indicators based on individuals' health status, disease burden, and the cost of current screening methods, as well as cultural, economic, and social considerations minimize the adverse effects of screening and maximize its benefits (17,18). In the study by von Karsa et al (7) (7,17,20,21).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Indicators of Cervical Cancer Screening Program Based on The Guidelines of Iran Ministry of Health and Medical Education

Izadi

Shakerian

2021

Int J Cancer Manag

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Background: Systematic application of a cervical cancer screening program reduces the socioeconomic burden of the disease. Evaluation of screening programs using performance indicator sets and applying cultural, economic, and social considerations minimize the negative impacts of screening and maximize its benefits. Objectives: The present study aimed at developing and evaluating performance indicators of a cervical cancer screening program based on the guidelines of Iran Ministry of Health and Medical Education to identify shortcomings and improve national programs. Methods: A total of 839 out of 2504 care checklists for middle-aged women in Rasht, Iran, from 2014 to 2018 were studied. Indicators were evaluated based on the guidelines of Iran Ministry of Health and Medical Education on care for middle-aged individuals in 6 areas of screening intensity, screening the program performance, the participation of individuals, compliance of the implementation with guidelines, etc. Results: The eligible women coverage index was 34%. The index of participation in the first run Pap test was 45.53% in 2014. The study findings showed that with the implementation of the plan on participants, the test rate increased by 39.1%. The indices of identification of high-risk individuals based on medical histories, identification of abnormal Pap smears, and participation continuity in the program were 54.84, 33.73%, respectively and 1.32% in 2015, which decreased to < 1% in 2016. The compliance rate with the guidelines was 64.94%, and the performance recording index was 22.40%. Conclusions: Due to the low coverage rate and other performance indicators, especially the low continuity index, the attention of policy-makers and program managers should be drawn to potential shortcomings of screening programs, such as active implementation, in order to promote women’s health status.

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Advancing cervical cancer diagnosis and screening with spectroscopy and machine learning

Ramírez

Greenop

Almoshawah

et al. 2023

Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics

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Challenges in delivery and performance of a cervical cancer prevention program in the Kurdistan Region of the Iraq health system

Cited by 4 publications

References 14 publications

“I am not a Good Woman?” Exploring the Views and Challenges of Nurses When Discussing HPV Testing and Associated Cervical Screening with Women in Iraq

“I am not a Good Woman?” Exploring the Views and Challenges of Nurses When Discussing HPV Testing and Associated Cervical Screening with Women in Iraq

Performance Indicators of Cervical Cancer Screening Program Based on The Guidelines of Iran Ministry of Health and Medical Education

Advancing cervical cancer diagnosis and screening with spectroscopy and machine learning

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