“…In recent years, there has been increasing efforts in the development of field robots for performing tasks that are dangerous, tiring, tedious, and/or difficult for humans to perform. Such tasks, not limited to disaster response (Kojima et al, ; Y. Zhang et al, ), also include bridge inspection (Dorafshan, Maguire, Hoffer, & Coopmans, ), powerline inspection (L. Zhang & He, ), dam inspection (Shimono, Toyama, & Nishizawa, ), and agricultural harvesting (Yaguchi, Nagahama, Hasegawa, & Inaba, ).…”