Challenges for large scale applications of rechargeable Zn–air batteries

Abstract

New energy storage devices have received unprecedented attention driven by the goals of carbon neutrality and carbon peaking and the deepening of the concept of green energy. Compared with lithium-ion...

Interfacial engineering and chemical reconstruction of Mo/Mo2C@CoO@NC heterostructure for promoting oxygen evolution reaction

“…The goals of carbon neutrality and carbon peaking have also continuously promoted the research of clean energy. [5][6][7] Among them, hydrogen energy, H 2 , has become the ultimate energy source in the 21st century due to its high energy density, greenness, and net-zero carbon emissions. 8,9 Among various hydrogen production technologies, electrochemical water splitting has attracted much attention due to its high purity, wide sources, and high efficiency.…”

Research progress on the construction of synergistic electrocatalytic ORR/OER self-supporting cathodes for zinc–air batteries

“…1,2 Accordingly, rechargeable batteries can effectively meet the reversible conversion of electrical energy to chemical energy, such as lithium-ion batteries, fuel cells and metal-air batteries. 3,4 Among them, Zn-air batteries (ZABs) show relatively higher power density (z1084 W h kg −1 ), stable discharge voltage, and produce water as a pollution-free product, which is consistent with sustainable development and environmental friendliness. [5][6][7] The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are the discharging and charging reactions of the air-cathode, respectively.…”

“…The lost electrons are transported to the air-cathode through the internal circulation of the battery, thus reducing the diffused oxygen to hydroxide ions at the gas-solid-liquid three-phase interface. The hydroxide ions return to the Zn anode through the recycling system in the battery, and further react with Zn 2+ to form Zn(OH) 4 2− (eqn (1)). The concentration of Zn(OH) 4 2− increases with the progress of the reaction.…”

“…2.1 Zn anodes 2.1.1 Zn dendrites. The formation of dendrites is mainly caused by the uneven deposition of Zn and the uneven Zn(OH) 4 2− concentration distribution on the surface of the Zn anode. Under ideal conditions, Zn(OH) 4 2− is evenly distributed on the entire Zn anode surface.…”

“…70 Due to the synergistic effect of the nuclear ZnO nanorods and GO adsorption affinity, the electrochemical deposition/dissolution process of ZnO could be effectively regulated. Zn (OH) 4 2− was effectively conned in the chemical buffer layer, thus effectively eliminating zinc passivation. Zhang et al reported the preparation of a ZnO@TiN x O y core/shell nanorod structure.…”