Challenges faced by Higher Education Students with Special Needs in Online Distance Learning (ODL)

Abstract

The Covid-19 pandemic has forced higher education institutions to use online distance learning (ODL) approach for teaching and learning activities. ODL is challenging for many students and instructors, but it can be even more challenging to students with special needs. Nevertheless, their predicaments have been rarely documented. Thus, this study investigates the challenges experienced by students with special needs studying through ODL at higher education institutions in Malaysia. A set of questionnaires were distributed to 113 students with special needs at several higher education institutions in Malaysia and the data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results show that ODL modes of delivery were exclusionary in nature and lacked suitable facilities catering for students with special needs. Majority of the students faced difficulties in comprehending the lesson; and getting adequate academic support from their instructors and parents. Their issues with ODL were compounded by inconducive home environment; and their parents' and instructors' lack of knowledge and skills in technology to assist them in their studies. This study makes a significant contribution to the academic literature and provides a new direction for supportive and quality ODL education for students with special needs.