Challenges and strategies involved in designing and constructing a 6 km immersed tunnel: A case study of the Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macao Bridge

Hu, Zhinan; Xie, Yingchao; Wang, Jun

doi:10.1016/j.tust.2015.07.011

Cited by 70 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…e centrifuge model test can cause the model soil to exhibit stress and strain states similar to the prototype. Results of the test meet key similarity conditions; thus, centrifuge models have been widely applied in geotechnical engineering [44][45][46][47][48]. Compared with the other test methods, advantages of the centrifuge model test include the following:…”

Section: Centrifuge Modellingmentioning

confidence: 95%

The Deformation Characteristics of Weak Foundation with High Back Siltation in the Immersed Tunnel

Yue

Xie

2018

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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The deformation characteristics of a weak foundation with high back siltation in an immersed tunnel lack empirical data; however, the calculation method and control of foundation settlements are highly important to tunnel design and construction. This paper takes a cross section of the natural foundation of an immersed tunnel in the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge (HZMB) as the research object and conducts a centrifuge model test. The soil layer is divided, and the soil parameters are determined by the CPTU and the indoor dynamic three triaxial test. In consideration of the actual engineering scale and the ability of the centrifuge model test system, the similarity ratio of the model to the prototype is studied and determined. As for the immersed tube structure, the deformation characteristics are mainly studied. Therefore, the organic glass is selected as the model material by the similarity of the elastic modulus and the density. The characteristics of the resilience and recompression of the natural foundation of the immersed tunnel and the strain characteristics of the immersed tube structure are obtained by the analysis of the multiworking condition test data. Moreover, based on the actual engineering geological conditions of the subsea tunnel, a numerical calculation method is carried out to check the reliability of the centrifuge model test results. The results of the numerical calculation are consistent with the model test results.

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Section: Centrifuge Modellingmentioning

confidence: 95%

The Deformation Characteristics of Weak Foundation with High Back Siltation in the Immersed Tunnel

Yue

Xie

2018

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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“…The cyan dotted lines indicate the separation of the three cable-stayed bridges. In addition, the main bridge is connected to an underwater tunnel of 6 km via the west man-made island (IS2) and is connected to the Hong Kong Bridge (HKB) via the east man-made island (IS3) [28]. The whole length is 55 km, including the main bridge of 29.6 km [29].…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-Series Analysis on Persistent Scatter-Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PS-InSAR) Derived Displacements of the Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macao Bridge (HZMB) from Sentinel-1A Observations

et al. 2021

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The synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) technique has been applied in monitoring the deformation of infrastructures, such as bridges, highways, railways and subways. Persistent scatterer (PS)-InSAR is one of the InSAR techniques, which utilises persistent scatterers to derive long-term displacements. This study applied time-series methods to post-process the PS-InSAR-derived time-series displacements with the use of 86 Sentinel-1A acquisitions spanning from 6 January 2018 to 27 November 2020. Empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and seasonal and trend decomposition using loess (STL) were combined to estimate the seasonal component of the total time-series displacements. Then, a temperature correlation map was generated by correlating the seasonal component with the temperature variation. Results show that the thermal expansion phenomenon is pronounced on the buildings of the Zhuhai–Macao Passenger Terminal as well as the bridge and road connecting to the Hong Kong International Airport (HKIA), while it is less obviously observed at the main Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge (HZMB). In addition, sudden changes between subsidence and uplift can be detected through the p-values derived by applying the augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test to the residual signals after removing the linear and seasonal components from the original ones.

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“…Due to the uneven distribution of horizontal layers, two-stage slope is mostly used in the trench excavation in practical engineering [20]. In this section, the effects of the slope ratio of upper slope and lower slope on the stability of the two-stage trench slope are investigated.…”

Section: Influence Of Slope Ratio On Two-stage Slopementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, few studies addressed the issue related to the slope stability of temporary foundation trench for the immersed tunnel under wave loading. Most of the existing works concentrated on the regular linear waves such as progressive waves, neglecting the nonlinear waves [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Slope Stability of the Submerged Trench of the Immersed Tunnel Subjected to Solitary Wave

Chen

Wang

et al. 2021

JMSE

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Wave is a common environmental load that often causes serious damages to offshore structures. In addition, the stability for the submarine artificial slope is also affected by the wave loading. Although the landslide of submarine slopes induced by the waves received wide attention, the research on the influence of solitary wave is rare. In this study, a 2-D integrated numerical model was developed to investigate the stability of the foundation trench under the solitary wave loading. The Reynolds-averaged Stokes (RANS) equations were used to simulate the propagation of a solitary wave, while the current was realized by setting boundary inlet/outlet velocity. The pore pressure induced by the solitary wave was calculated by Darcy’s law, and the seabed was characterized by Mohr–Coulomb constitutive model. Firstly, the wave model was validated through the comparison between analytical solution and experimental data. The initial consolidation state of slope under hydrostatic pressure was achieved as the initial state. Then, the factor of stability (FOS) for the slope corresponding to different distances between wave crest and slope top was calculated with the strength reduction method. The minimum of FOS was defined as the stability index for the slope with specific slope ratio during the process of dynamic wave loading. The parametric study was conducted to examine the effects of soil strength parameters, slope ratio, and current direction. At last, the influence of upper slope ratio in a two-stage slope was also discussed.

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Challenges and strategies involved in designing and constructing a 6 km immersed tunnel: A case study of the Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macao Bridge

Cited by 70 publications

References 9 publications

The Deformation Characteristics of Weak Foundation with High Back Siltation in the Immersed Tunnel

The Deformation Characteristics of Weak Foundation with High Back Siltation in the Immersed Tunnel

Time-Series Analysis on Persistent Scatter-Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PS-InSAR) Derived Displacements of the Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macao Bridge (HZMB) from Sentinel-1A Observations

On the Slope Stability of the Submerged Trench of the Immersed Tunnel Subjected to Solitary Wave

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