Challenges and Strategies for Greening the Compact City of Hong Kong

Tian, Yuhong; Jim, Chi Yung; Tang, Yan

doi:10.1061/(asce)up.1943-5444.0000076

Cited by 81 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The UHI intensity demonstrates notable diurnal and seasonal variations, stronger in nighttime than daytime, with a maximum value in winter [39]. Roof greening has been proposed as an effective tool to compensate for the scarcity of ground-level greenery and alleviate the thermal and environmental plight [40][41][42]. The public services provided by this doorstep green oasis can also improve urban sustainability and quality of life [43].…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal and Diurnal Thermal Performance of a Subtropical Extensive Green Roof: The Impacts of Background Weather Parameters

Peng

Jim

2015

Sustainability

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Most studies explored green-roof thermal effects on a few hot summer days based on short-term monitoring data. Few studies investigated the seasonal and diurnal patterns of thermal performance and associated weather effects. This research aims to address the following two questions: (1) how green-roof thermal performance varies with different season and time; and (2) to what extent can thermal performance be predicted by background weather parameters? A retrofitted extensive green roof was established on the top of a railway station in subtropical Hong Kong. Monitoring data covering a two-year period, one year before roof greening and one year after, were collected and analyzed. Results indicated notable seasonal and diurnal patterns of green-roof thermal performance. It exhibited cooling effects in spring, summer and fall, but warming effects in winter. The cooling effects were more pronounced in summer than spring and fall, on sunny days than rainy and cloudy days, and in nighttime than daytime. Air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, solar radiation, and soil moisture could explain 83.6%-86% of the thermal effects' variation. The multiple-regression models based on the five weather variables established in this study provide an uncomplicated and direct approach to predict the thermal performance of similar extensive green roofs in subtropical areas. OPEN ACCESSSustainability 2015, 7 11099

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Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal and Diurnal Thermal Performance of a Subtropical Extensive Green Roof: The Impacts of Background Weather Parameters

Peng

Jim

2015

Sustainability

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“…Due to a lack of specific regulatory policies, developers are often not incentivised to preserve green space. There remains a lack of policies that take a long-term perspective on the relation between compact urban development and UGS into account [17,[31][32][33]. However, the relevance of such a perspective is underscored in the academic literature.…”

Section: The Compact City Urban Green Space and Sustainable Urban Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Remote Sensing to Analyse Net Land-Use Change from Conflicting Sustainability Policies: The Case of Amsterdam

Giezen

Balikçi

Arundel

2018

IJGI

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In order to achieve the ambitious Sustainable Development Goal #11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities), an integrative approach is necessary. Complex outcomes such as sustainable cities are the product of a range of policies and drivers that are sometimes at odds with each other. Yet, traditional policy assessments often focus on specific ambitions such as housing, green spaces, etc., and are blind to the consequences of policy interactions. This research proposes the use of remote sensing technologies to monitor and analyse the resultant effects of opposing urban policies. In particular, we will look at the conflicting policy goals in Amsterdam between the policy to densify, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, goals of protecting and improving urban green space. We conducted an analysis to detect changes in land-uses within the urban core of Amsterdam, using satellite images from 2003 and 2016. The results indeed show a decrease of green space and an increase in the built-up environment. In addition, we reveal strong fragmentation of green space, indicating that green space is increasingly available in smaller patches. These results illustrate that the urban green space policies of the municipality appear insufficient to mitigate the negative outcomes of the city’s densification on urban green space. Additionally, we demonstrate how remote sensing can be a valuable instrument in investigating the net consequences of policies and urban developments that would be difficult to monitor through traditional policy assessments.

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“…The focus on maintaining adequate amount of green spaces in dense environments has led to considerable efforts to incorporate various forms of UGS such as street trees planting, parks and green open spaces in compact cities in Asia such as Hong Kong, Singapore, and Taipei, with a particular focus on new forms of UGS such as green roofs and green walls in recent years (Jim and Chen 2008;Tan 2013;Tian et al 2012). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The effects of urban forms on photosynthetically active radiation and urban greenery in a compact city

Tan

Ismail

2015

Urban Ecosyst

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Urban greenery is increasingly recognized as an important component of urban ecosystems as it provides a range of ecosystem services for environmental and human wellbeing. However, the extent to which the performance of urban greenery is affected by availability of light in high-density urban environment is poorly understood. We examined the effect of shade on the levels of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) in different urban forms, focusing on urban street canyon, vehicular flyovers, sky terraces, at-grade community gardens and rooftop community gardens surrounded by high-rise residential buildings. Within these urban forms, we examined the effects of PAR levels on the growth of shrubs, trees and palms. PAR was assessed though simulation using the building information modeling tool Ecotect, and direct measurements with quantum sensors. PAR was most reduced in sky terraces, with daily PAR restricted to about 15 % of unshaded conditions in Singapore. Daily PAR in rooftop community garden was about 60 % of unshaded conditions, whereas urban street canyon, planting area around and under vehicular flyovers and at-grade community garden had daily PAR of 41 to 52 % of unshaded conditions. Within these shaded environments, almost half of all shrubs and almost all flowering shrubs showed differences in vegetative and reproductive growth at lower PAR levels, respectively. Slenderness of trees was also significantly higher compared to trees grown in more unshaded conditions. The spatial distribution of PAR levels was highly non-uniform, with PAR differing between two and nine-fold within a site, and differed significantly to that of direct sunshine hours. These findings provide insights on how a better understanding of effects of shade on PAR helps to improve urban green space design and plant selection for better plant performance.

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Challenges and Strategies for Greening the Compact City of Hong Kong

Cited by 81 publications

References 3 publications

Seasonal and Diurnal Thermal Performance of a Subtropical Extensive Green Roof: The Impacts of Background Weather Parameters

Seasonal and Diurnal Thermal Performance of a Subtropical Extensive Green Roof: The Impacts of Background Weather Parameters

Using Remote Sensing to Analyse Net Land-Use Change from Conflicting Sustainability Policies: The Case of Amsterdam

The effects of urban forms on photosynthetically active radiation and urban greenery in a compact city

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