Challenges and Remedy for Cementing of HPHT Wells in Nigerian Operation

Yetunde, Shado; Joel, Ogbonna

doi:10.2118/150751-ms

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The adequate yield of washing fluid is necessary to break the gel when the mud has settled to clean the mud. Another solution is to use multiple washers (Yetunde and Ogbonna, 2011). The use of equipment in harsh conditions requires detailed planning and technical expertise as regulations require the plug to 100% encompass the diameter of the hole from the formation casing (Norsok, 2013).…”

Section: Chemical Incompatibility Of Plugging Materials and Drilling ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Past, Present, and Future Technologies for Permanent Plugging and Abandonment of Wellbores and Restoration of Subsurface Geologic Barriers

Achang

Radonjic

2020

Environmental Engineering Science

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Leakage of oil & gas during fossil fuel exploration, production, and transportation poses a major environmental challenge that impacts the quality of air, water, soil, and ultimately the life on Earth. The result of uncontrolled spills & leakages may cause the contamination of groundwater as well as methane emission into the atmosphere increasing global warming, while the spills in open waters in the case of offshore wellbores impact fragile marine ecosystems. The United States alone has *1.7 million wellbores with an American Petroleum Institute (API) number indicating that they have not been permanently plugged and therefore require Plugging and Abandonment (P&A) in the future. However, there remain thousands of wells drilled before the 1950s that were not properly P&A.Improper P&A of boreholes are potential pathways for leakage as well as already existing leaky plugs. The objective of this literature review is to (1) assess subsurface conditions where P&A materials need to be placed, (2) assess the challenges encountered during barrier placement in wellbores under current P&A technologies, (3) appraise contaminations of barrier materials by drilling fluid and possible mitigation, and (4) discuss the future requirements of P&A materials and technology involved in restoring subsurface sealing barriers interrupted by drilling. The review indicates that to achieve permanent P&A in the future, two major challenges must be addressed: (1) innovation & improvement of the barrier materials, and (2) advancements and innovation of the placement methods. The major insight from this article is that re-establishment of a permanent seal capable of withstanding subsurface geomechanical and geochemical changes will involve engineered materials and processes providing sealing in the early stages (1-50 years) and geomaterials and geological processes take over and provide permanent seals, for thousands of years to geological times. Thus no single solution can be successful for future P&A campaigns.

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Section: Chemical Incompatibility Of Plugging Materials and Drilling ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Past, Present, and Future Technologies for Permanent Plugging and Abandonment of Wellbores and Restoration of Subsurface Geologic Barriers

Achang

Radonjic

2020

Environmental Engineering Science

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“…Primary cementing is a critically important operation in construction of a well. Apart from providing structural integrity to the well, the chief purpose of the operation is to provide a continuous impermeable hydraulic seal in the annulus, preventing uncontrolled flow of reservoir fluids behind the casing (Yetunde and Ogbonna 2011). It is however speculative to believe that cementing is the only consideration for effective zonal isolation.…”

Section: Pressure and Temperature Cycles During Well Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

HPHT Cement Sheath Integrity Evaluation Method for Unconventional Wells

Shadravan

Schubert

Amani

et al. 2014

Day 2 Tue, March 18, 2014

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Chances of cement sheath failure increase considerably when the application involves deepwater, high pressure high temperature (HPHT) conditions. Such failures may occur as a result of temperature and pressure-induced stresses created by well events such as hydraulic fracturing, cyclic steam injection, steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD), production, completion, or other remedial treatments. Thermal and stress cycles could impose the risk of losing zonal isolation and lead to delay in hydrocarbon production.Cement mechanical properties measurment solely would not be sufficient to predict the failure threshold of a cement sheath. Some experimental studies were conducted about the effect of cyclical loading on the integrity of casing and drill strings but less research have been done about the in situ cement sheath integrity under cyclical loading. This paper introduces a new Ultra HPHT experimental set up and an applicable method to evaluate cement sheath integrity under cyclical loading. It also provides insights to find the cement fatigue failure cycle for the set cement at elevated pressures and temperatures.This system was built and completed by benefiting from the capabilities of an extreme HPHT Rheometer. Cement samples could be cured for number of hours in the newly developed HPHT cell and then instantly tested under cyclical loading in various scenarios at high temperatures. The cement sheath fails after a certain number of cycles when reaches its fatigue endurance limit. This research showcases scenarios in which the fatigue failure cycles were identified for 1,000 psi, 2,000 psi and 5,000 psi, pressure differentials between the confining pressure (exposed to outside of the sheath) and the casing pressure. During these experiments, the confining pressure and temperature were held constant at 15,000 psi and 330 ̊ F while the casing pressure varied cyclically between 15,000 psi and 16,000 psi (Set A), 17,000 (Set B) and 20,000 (Set C). A stable chemistry of Class H cement plus 35% silica was used to prevent cement retrogression. Cement sheath failures such as radial cracking, debonding and disking occured due to cyclical loadings. Finally, a fatigue failure envelope was generated by the obtained data. This curve represents the extent of cement sheath endurance at HPHT conditions under cyclical loading.

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“…This destruction of cement matrix can be said to be caused by mechanical failure or damage and they create cracks in the cement matrix. These cracks are a pathway for the migration of gas from the formation to the surface, thereby shortening the life of the well because the integrity of the cement has been compromised (Yetunde and Ogbonna 2011) .…”

Section: Cementing Hpht Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mud removal is important in all cementing as the interface between the cement and the formation is affected by its effectiveness, but it is particularly crucial in HPHT wells to achieve a good cement placement and a good cement/formation bond. For a mud to be displaced effectively it must; (Yetunde and Ogbonna 2011) 1) Have a low plastic viscosity to yield viscosity ratio, P.V/Y.P.…”

Section: Efficient Displacement Of Mudmentioning

confidence: 99%

HPHT 101 - What Every Engineer or Geoscientist Should Know about High Pressure High Temperature Wells

Shadravan

Amani

2012

All Days

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The high-profile blowout at Macondo well in the US Gulf of Mexico, brought the challenges and the risks of drilling into high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) fields increasingly into focus. Technology, HSE, new standards, such as new API procedures, and educating the crew seem to be vital in developing HPHT resources. High-pressure high-temperature fields broadly exist in Gulf of Mexico, North Sea, South East Asia, Africa, China and Middle East. Almost a quarter of HPHT operations worldwide is expected to happen in American continent and the majority of that solely in North America. Oil major companies have identified key challenges in HPHT development and production, and service providers have offered insights regarding current or planned technologies to meet these challenges. Drilling into some shale plays such as Haynesville or deep formations and producing oil and gas at HPHT condition, have been crucially challenging. Therefore, companies are compelled to meet or exceed a vast array of environmental, health and safety standards. This paper, as a simplified summary of the current status of HPHT global market, clarifies the existing technological gaps in the field of HPHT drilling, cementing and completion. It also contains the necessary knowledge that every engineer or geoscientist might need to know about high pressure high temperature wells. This study, not only reviews the reports from the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement (BOEMRE) and important case studies of HPHT operations around the globe but also compiles the technical solutions to better maneuver in the HPHT market. Finally, the HPHT related priorities of National Energy Technology Laboratories (NETL), operated by the US Department of Energy (DOE), and DeepStar, as a strong mix of large and mid-size operators are investigated. Introduction:

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Challenges and Remedy for Cementing of HPHT Wells in Nigerian Operation

Cited by 15 publications

References 12 publications

A Review of Past, Present, and Future Technologies for Permanent Plugging and Abandonment of Wellbores and Restoration of Subsurface Geologic Barriers

A Review of Past, Present, and Future Technologies for Permanent Plugging and Abandonment of Wellbores and Restoration of Subsurface Geologic Barriers

HPHT Cement Sheath Integrity Evaluation Method for Unconventional Wells

HPHT 101 - What Every Engineer or Geoscientist Should Know about High Pressure High Temperature Wells

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