Challenges and Potential for RNA Nanoparticles (RNPs)

Davis, Donald W.; Akhtar, Uzma; Keaster, B; Grozinger, K; Washington, Lynette D.; Kelsey, S. Bezner; Sarkar, Ananda K.; Rk, DeLong

doi:10.1166/jbn.2009.1005

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…However, cryo‐negatively stained specimens can retain a better degree of hydration of the biomacromolecules (Herzog et al,2009) and, thus, reduce the structural distortions caused by the air‐drying and imaging of conventional specimens under vacuum (Cheng et al,2006). Moreover, there are indications that cryo‐negative staining reduces the electron beam sensitivity of biological macromolecules and may, thus, offer advantages for structural analysis (De Carlo et al,2002). Cryo‐negative staining is, therefore, the second best choice when unstained cryo‐EM preparation methods are technically not possible.…”

Section: Sample Preparation Techniques For Tem Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, various sensing applications have been suggested for nanomaterials (Gu and Shim,2010; Wang et al,2010), including intracellular sensing (Modi et al,2009). DNA nanotechnological approaches can be used for logical computation using algorithmic self‐assembly (Barish et al,2005,2009; Mao et al,2000; Rothemund et al,2004b; Yan et al,2003). Progress has also been made in the development of DNA‐based nanomechanical devices (Seeman,2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Visualization of bionanostructures using transmission electron microscopical techniques

Sander

Golas

2010

Microscopy Res & Technique

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In the recent years, nanotechnology has rapidly evolved as promising toolbox for many applications, including sensing and drug delivery. Nanotechnology aims at forming man-designed two-dimensional and three-dimensional structures in the nanometer scale using e.g., the self-assembly properties of smaller building blocks such as DNA and RNA. The visualization and structural characterization of these nanostructures do not only provide evidence for the correct formation of the desired shapes, but can also contribute to a better understanding of their formation and functionality. Transmission electron microscopy offers the possibility to directly visualize the individual nanostructures. The vitrification of the sample by using the plunge-freezing method and subsequent electron cryomicroscopy (cryo-EM) provides in-solution snapshots of the nanostructures under cryogenic conditions and thus preserves the close-to-native structure of the particles. Here, we describe the plunge-freezing and other sample preparation protocols such as negative staining and cryo-negative staining as well as the various imaging and image processing methods, including electron crystallography, electron tomography, and single-particle EM. Typical example applications are provided together with a discussion of benefits and shortcomings of these approaches. We also discuss how deviations from an ideal symmetry and structural heterogeneity, in general, can limit the resolution. Finally, we suggest that nanotechnological approaches may not only offer new applications in the field of nanomaterial science and nanomedicine, but may also emerge as tools for structural biology and structure-related biomedical research.

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Section: Sample Preparation Techniques For Tem Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visualization of bionanostructures using transmission electron microscopical techniques

Sander

Golas

2010

Microscopy Res & Technique

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“…Due to their desirable biocompatibility, high drug loading capacity, easy surface conjugation of biomolecules and excellent stability, the application of inorganic nanomaterials in drug delivery has therefore attracted increasing research attention in past several years 7. These nanomaterials include inorganic nanoparticles,8–12 mesoporous materials,13–27 nanotubes,28–33 hollow nanostructures,34–36 and so on 37–39…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hollow Mesoporous Zirconia Nanocapsules for Drug Delivery

Tang

Huang

Chen

et al. 2010

Adv Funct Materials

190

136

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Hollow mesoporous zirconia nanocapsules (hm‐ZrO2) with a hollow core/porous shell structure are demonstrated as effective vehicles for anti‐cancer drug delivery. While the highly porous feature of the shell allows the drug, doxorubicin(DOX), to easily pass through between the inner void space and surrounding environment of the particles, the void space in the core endows the nanocapsules with high drug loading capacity. The larger the inner hollow diameter, the higher their DOX loading capacity. A loading of 102% related to the weight of hm‐ZrO2 is achieved by the nanocapsules with an inner diameter of 385 nm. Due to their pH‐dependent charge nature, hm‐ZrO2 loaded DOX exhibit pH‐dependent drug releasing kinetics. A lower pH offers a faster DOX release rate from hm‐ZrO2. Such a property makes the loaded DOX easily release from the nanocapsules when up‐taken by living cells. Although the flow cytometry reveals more uptake of hm‐ZrO2 particles by normal cells, hm‐ZrO2 loaded DOX release more drugs in cancer cells than in normal cells, leading to more cytotoxicity toward tumor cells and less cytotoxicity to healthy cells than free DOX.

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“…1). Thus, the high net positive charge (+21) of protamine at physiologic pH is the basis for its popularity for use in augmenting in vitro transfection of plasmid DNA vectors into mammalian cells [30]. Protamine is also a popular polycation for the electrostatic coating of nanoparticles and multilayer films used in drug delivery [31–33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osteoconductive protamine-based polyelectrolyte multilayer functionalized surfaces

Samuel¹,

Shukla²,

Paik³

et al. 2011

Biomaterials

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The integration of orthopedic implants with host bone presents a major challenge in joint arthroplasty, spinal fusion and tumor reconstruction. The cellular microenvironment can be programmed via implant surface functionalization allowing direct modulation of osteoblast adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation at the implant-bone interface. The development of layer-by-layer assembled polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) architectures has greatly expanded our ability to fabricate intricate nanometer to micron scale thin film coatings that conform to complex implant geometries. The in vivo therapeutic efficacy of thin PEM implant coatings for numerous biomedical applications has previously been reported. We have fabricated protamine-based PEM thin films that support the long-term proliferation and differentiation of pre-osteoblast cells on non-cross-linked film coated surfaces. These hydrophilic PEM functionalized surfaces with nanometer-scale roughness facilitated increased deposition of calcified matrix by osteoblasts in vitro, and thus offer the potential to enhance implant integration with host bone. The coatings can make an immediate impact in the osteogenic culture of stem cells and assessment of the osteogenic potential of new therapeutic factors.

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Challenges and Potential for RNA Nanoparticles (RNPs)

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Visualization of bionanostructures using transmission electron microscopical techniques

Visualization of bionanostructures using transmission electron microscopical techniques

Hollow Mesoporous Zirconia Nanocapsules for Drug Delivery

Osteoconductive protamine-based polyelectrolyte multilayer functionalized surfaces

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